Membrane

I. Introduction Action potentials are generated as a result of a neuron’s membrane reaching a specific threshold. In order to reach this threshold, a cell must depolarize. Typically, cells depolarize with the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. During the rising phase of the action potential, these channels allow positive sodium ions to flow into the cell in what is called the depolarization phase. The flow of these ions into the cell is often referred to as the sodium current. Once the…

One’s body is made of 70% of water that in which is the main component of the cells within one’s bodies. Within these cells, there are particles that move inside and outside through a semi-permeable membrane. This process is called diffusion. In diffusion, particles move in motion at a random speed from a high concentration to an area of low concentration until all of the molecules are dispersed evenly. It is important to remember that involvement with diffusion depends on the concentration. The…

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Abstract This lab was conducted in order to determine the molarity of sucrose concentration where the mass of 2cm^3 of Classic Russet potato segments and pear segments does not change, representing an isotonic concentration. By calculating the change of mass of the potato segment and pear segments prior to being placed in the sucrose solution against the mass after being in the sucrose solution for 45 minutes. Our goal was to determine what type of osmotic concentration was created as compared…

Abstract Bacteriorhodopsin is located in the plasma membrane of Halobacterium halobium, where it acts as a proton-pump, transporting protons out of the cell. Since its discovery in 1979, much research has been done on Bacteriorhodopsin and there have been many advancements in our knowledge. Firstly, on its structure and function and secondly, on the conformational changes it undergoes during retinal isomerisation. Introduction Bacteriorhodopsin is a globular protein, (Henderson, 1975) which…

semipermeable membranes. The purpose of Activity 3 is to explore how the size of a cell affects cell transportation. Background All cells are surrounded by a barrier called the cell membrane. It regulates what enters and leaves the cell, and also protects and supports the cell. Cell membranes are semipermeable, meaning it doesn’t allow all molecules to pass through it. For example, polar molecules and differently charged molecules are blocked from passing through the cell membrane, while…

consumed by a portion of the plasma membrane. This results in the formation of a vesicle, or phagosome, which then fuses with a lysosome in the cytoplasm to break down and digest food particles. However, a large fraction of bacteria engulfed by protozoa are not digested. Instead, they remain metabolically active and survive to be discharged to the outside environment (Aijaz and Koudelka, 2017). The discharge of these indigestible materials occurs when the membrane of the phagosome reaches the…

and many other things ,but what am going to write about is a space ship.You may be thinking why a space, well a spaceship is as many functions that are very similar as the cells. The membrane is like the force field,because the force field protects the ship from intruders and the membrane protects the cell from anything wanting to get in. The nucleus is like the captain his the one in charge of what the spaceships does and also the crew members just like the nucleus is in control…

Ion channels are membrane proteins that selectively allow the permeation of ions into and out of cells (Fig.1a ###image messes with formatting). Some channels have evolved to also sense changes in the electrical potential across a membrane. A potential above a certain voltage will trigger the opening of these ion-conducting pores, releasing large stores of ions across the membrane. These voltage-gated ion channels allow for the generation of electrical stimuli (the firing of neurons via the…

of peptidoglycan that is enclosed by an outer membrane. The outer membrane is surrounded by special phospholipids composed of fatty acids called lipopolysaccharides that are attached to a glucosamine…