Membrane

This semi-permeable membrane works as a barrier for the cell. Since it is semi-permeable, it allows some substances/particles into the cell but denies access to others. The cytoplasm is the fluid within each individual cell that surrounds the organelles. This is the 'place' where the organelles complete their individual tasks. The Rough Endoplasmic(RER) Reticulm is a part of a series of connected 'hallways' that carry materials to various parts of the cytoplasm. The RER has many ribosomes…

Bacteria also known as prokaryotes are very ancient single-celled organisms; fossils show that they were widespread 1.5 billion years ago. Today bacteria make up the vast majority of prokaryotes on earth due to the unfavorable ability to adapt quickly to the surrounding environment. Bacteria have the capabilities to survive in areas of high heat, extreme cold, or even very acidic or alkaline conditions. This ability is used frequently to fend off the effects of antibiotics and antibacterial;…

The animal cell is rounded and irregular in terms of shape whilst the plant cell is usually a fixed rectangular shape. This is because the plant cell has a cell wall around the plasma membrane giving the cell support and rigidity which aids the structure of the cell which the animal cell doesn’t have, this was visible throughout the practical. Both cells have a nucleus that was also visible during the practical. The majority of the plant…

electrical potential also known as the resting membrane potential (RMP). This is achieved due to the semi permeable nature of the plasma membrane and multiple V-gated ion channels that are found on it. In a nerve cell, when a dendrite receives a signal, a depolarization event occurs which causes the electrical potential to drop. If it reaches a threshold of (-55 mV) the fast V-gated Sodium channels activate at the axon hillock. This brings the membrane potential to +30 mV in a quick burst as the…

Unknown Organism Report I have identified my Unknown Organism #1 as Escherichia coli, or E. coli. My Unknown Organism is an anaerobic gram-negative, unicellular eubacteria. It belongs to the genus Escherichia, which is named after Theodor Escherich, a German pediatrician. E. coli is usually found in the colon of mammals, explaining the name “coli” meaning from the colon. It’s classified in the order of enterobacteriales, and the family of enterobacteriaceae. It is the most abundant bacteria in…

the process of oxidative phosphorylation, and this can lead to weight loss. In order to produce ATP, the body uses carbohydrates and lipids. DNP can mess this up by interfering with ATP as it is being produced. Protons are transferred across the membrane, and this is what disturbs the process of ATP. Since the body needs fats and carbohydrates in order to make energy, and they do not have that in this situation, the metabolic rate of the body increases. This turns fats and carbohydrates into…

fully functional nictitating membrane is present in many amphibians, reptiles, and birds, and is used for protection, keeping the eyes moist, and concealing the iris from predators (Rogers, n.d.). Nonetheless, in humans, the plica semilunaris, although vestigial, is not entirely futile as it aids in eye movement and may have some lacrimal drainage functions (Rovira, 2016). As considerable evidence for human evolution, and because humans do not require the nictitating membrane to maintain proper…

“No!” the king's wife cried. “My husband has fallen upon the ground, dead! Oh, how could this ever happen to me! What have I done wrong!” How would you feel if I told you that this dramatic play had something to do with a plant cell? Well, first off, it’s not just dramatic plays, any play will do. Secondly, there are a lot of organelles in a plant cell so I will just be stating the organelles that I think best correspond with different parts needed to produce a play. This piece of writing will…

flagellum, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mesosome, a cell wall, capsule, DNA and plasma membrane. A flagellum is a thread-like structure which allows the bacteria to swim. A cytoplasm is the material within the cell, which does not include the nucleus. Ribosomes are particles which fastens messenger RNA and transfer RNA. A mesosome is a fold in the plasma membrane of a bacteria. A cell wall is a layer of material outside the plasma membrane of the bacteria. A…

normal amounts which indicactes that the CFTR exprssion is higher in tissues with a higher cholride ion concentration (Kalin N et al, 1999). Mechanistic Consequences: The CFTR protein act as a channel that transports ions through the apical cell membrane of epithelial cells. These ions include chloride and bicorbonate ions, it also helps to regulate the balance of fluids in the epithelial tissues in the lungs, intestines, sweat glands and the pancreas (CFTR science, 2015). A mutation in the…