Membrane

the fact that since the outside of the cell membrane is positively charged and the inside is negatively charged so an increase in permeability of sodium will result in the reversal of the polarity of the cell (Pispati, 2001). Thus, the circuit current flow will occur between the resisting membrane and depolarized region (Pispati, 2001). Due to this the positive charged ions will flow into the depolarized region and evacuate through the resting membrane (Pispati,…

To achieve osmosis all that is needed are three ingredients. First there needs to be a semipermeable membrane and two solvents with varying concentrations on each side of the membrane. A solvent is simply something that can dissolve solutes to form a solution. All these words sound similar and complicated but the most common solvent is water. Solutes commonly include salt or sugar and when…

It is known that an organism can self-regulate and produce energy at a molecular basis within a cell. Catabolic and anabolic chains of events that drive metabolism are mostly successful due the organization of the body. The digestive system is able to absorb nutrients because of the organs such as the stomach; intestine and the liver. Glucose is one of the most important compounds that are needed for cellular respiration in animals, With that said, the liver is graded as an essential organ for…

Type IV pili are a family of appendage protein filaments that are assembled on the surfaces of many different microorganisms, such as bacteria and archea. The wide range of diverse microorganisms within the type IV pili family indicates that there must be both a common evolutionary origin, as well as a versatile functionality (Giltner, Nguyen and Burrows 2012). The formation of type IV pili occurs when the enzyme PilD, first recognized in the bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, catalyzes…

Acid base balance is a part of homeostasis for maintaining the pH of the body. It is necessary for the functioning of enzymes and structural integrity of proteins. In case of an unacceptably large variation in the pH of the body, the enzymes lose their normal function, the proteins get denatured, and in extreme cases, death might result. The normal pH of human blood is 7.4, the acceptable range being 7.35-7.45. In the…

changes concentration of sodium within a few molecules of the cell membrane. doesn’t have significant impact after action potential, to restore positive charge, potassium leaks out...not enough to change potassium concentration outside the cell except for in immediate vicinity of the membrane itself when there are millions of neurons firing frequently, electrolytes can become imbalanced, and there can be too much potassium in the membrane astrocytes cleanup by soaking up the extra potassium ions…

because it is shielded by multiple layers of membranes that block out harmful molecules. Those membranes become ripped and frayed by the force of the concussion, leaving them leaky and the brain can be vulnerable to bad molecules. During a concussion the body sends specialized immune cells from blood and the brain to patch and fill in the frayed membranes. Sometimes that process is too slow and it always free radicals to pass through the weak membranes and travel into the brain tissue, where…

000 neurons. Each axon has a cytoplasm called an axoplasm, which contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, and mitochondria. It cannot create proteins because it has no rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a plasma axolemma (cell membrane) of neuroglia or interstitial fluid surrounds the entire axon to protect it. In a multipolar neuron, the axons’s base is attached to the soma at a thickened cone-shaped region called the axon hillock. Nerve impulses occur between the axon…

All cells are derived from pre-existing cells - through the process of meiosis and mitosis 4. In a multicellular organism, the activity of the entire organism depends on the total activity of its independent cells 3 Significance of technological advances to developments in the cell theory Assess the impact of technology including the development of the microscope on the development of the cell theory The development of cell theory has been heavily impacted by the improvement of technology. The…

in the rough ER, proteins are then altered in the Golgi complex. The Golgi complex then sends the proteins to places within the cell using vesicles, which are essentially bubbles that transport important materials. These places include the cell membrane, to be attached or sent out of the cell, or to the lysosomes. Lysosomes are vesicles within the cell that contribute to the digestion and recycling of cell resources. They also allow old or damaged cells to be broken down. Microbodies are…