Membrane potential

However, I believe the ketogenic diet has so much potential and promise in the future of medicine for the reason that it does not come in a pill or a liquid medicine bottle. There is no long list of side effects, risk of overdose, or prescription needed with the ketogenic diet. We have become so attached…

the body using electrical synapses. While neurons are made up off a cell body referred to as the soma, dendrites, and axon. Nerves consist of axons and sometimes nerve fibers, and each of those axons has the ability to produce an action potential. Action potential is a well-preserved message as a response to a specific stimulus that travels down the axon. Moreover, sodium/potassium pumps are located in the…

acts like a plug, preventing the flow of sodium ions until it slowly diffuses off. The sodium channels located on nerve cells are responsible for sensitizing shield. The channels act as gates that regulate the entry of sodium ions across the cell membrane, and is important in the transmission pain intensity signals to the brain. Tetrodotoxin reduces the activity of sense ties nerve cells by selectively reversibly blocking the sodium channels. Although sodium channels are complex structures.…

speed, as electrical synapses allow action potentials to pass directly from neuron to neuron through the use of gap junctions. This direct passage and resulting speed of transmission isn’t present in chemical synapses. Chemical synapses rely on the transformation of the action potential into a chemical called the neurotransmitter, which is diffused across the synapse to bind to receptors in another neuron and then transformed into another action potential to continue the signal transmission…

Calcium ions are vital for cellular signalling, as once they enter the cytoplasm they use allosteric effects caused by indirect transduction pathways such as G protein-coupled receptors. Calcium signalling is cause by gradients across the plasma membrane, as the resting concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is normally kept ˷100 nM, compared to the extracellular concentration which is ˷1.5mM. To continue low concentration within the cell, Ca2+ signals can be generated either from extracellular…

concentrations of salt? Introduction Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration of water molecules (through a partially permeable membrane). If the cell is placed in a higher water potential, water enters by osmosis and if the cell is placed in lower water potential, then the water leaves the cell by osmosis. The experiment we did shows the process of osmosis. How osmosis really works. That is, what will happen to the potato if it…

with vast potential toward a variety of applications. These toxins are produced by countless different species of animals: amphibians, insects, arachnids, and even birds, just to name a few. Neurotoxins, a specific class of toxins, act by impairing or artificially enhancing neurotransmission at the pre-synaptic or post-synaptic level (Camp & Gilbert, 2014, para. 1-5). Neurotoxins affect an animal’s central nervous system by disrupting the flow of action potentials. These action potentials are…

A synaptic vesicle will fuse with the membrane of the presynaptic cell and will release its content into the synaptic cleft after action potential has been reached. The relationship between a synaptic vesicle and a neurotransmitter is that the synaptic vesicle will contain neurotransmitter which are macromolecules that neurons use to communicate with each other. For worms, the synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine which will go into the synaptic cleft cause by electrical impulses that go down…

In neuronal development, the general rule is that cells are generated in sites different from those they later reside in. The Nervous System is the master controlling and communicating system of the body. Electrical impulses act as signaling device; they are rapid, specific and cause immediate responses. They also use sensory receptors to monitor changes called stimuli. This is where gathered information creates sensory input. Integration is the processes and interprets sensory input which…

1. Limitation of transdermal delivery system Skin as a barrier to drug transport Skin Barrier function is mainly due to the outermost few microns of skin namely Stratum Corneum, which is a unique biomembrane. This extremely thin membrane is the least permeable layer of the skin due to its remarkable composition of terminally differentiated keratinocytes (compressed keratin-filled corneocytes) anchored in the lipophilic matrix. The lipids in this lipophilic matrix are responsible for many…