Membrane biology

function of the CFTR gene provides instructions for making a protein channel called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane. This protein channel transports chloride ions across the semipermeable membrane of cells that produce mucus, tears, sweat, saliva, and digestive enzymes. Due to osmosis, water will pass through the membrane from low concentrations of chloride, to high concentrations. Controlling the movement of water in tissues is necessary for the production of thin, free flowing mucus.…

Beetroot tissues will be the model investigated in this lab. Specifically the effects of temperature stress on the beetroots cellular membrane. Beetroot is known as Beta Vulgaris, it is one of the healthiest vegetables one can eat with plenty of minerals and vitamins. One of the main vitamins in beetroot is betaine which serve as organic osmolytes that are synthesized or taken from the surroundings by the cells to protect against osmotic stress, high temperature or, drought. Roots of beet also…

and many other things ,but what am going to write about is a space ship.You may be thinking why a space, well a spaceship is as many functions that are very similar as the cells. The membrane is like the force field,because the force field protects the ship from intruders and the membrane protects the cell from anything wanting to get in. The nucleus is like the captain his the one in charge of what the spaceships does and also the crew members just like the nucleus is in control…

The cell wall is only found in plant, bacteria, fungi, algae and other archaea cells. Its main functions are to provide protection and support for the cell. But the cell wall has many other functions as well including intercellular communication, providing shape, they also regulate what gasses can enter each cell. The vacuole hold water in plant cells and the cell wall maintains shape when the vacuole is full. The cell wall also prevents the cell from bursting when the vacuole is fully expanded.…

semipermeable membranes. The purpose of Activity 3 is to explore how the size of a cell affects cell transportation. Background All cells are surrounded by a barrier called the cell membrane. It regulates what enters and leaves the cell, and also protects and supports the cell. Cell membranes are semipermeable, meaning it doesn’t allow all molecules to pass through it. For example, polar molecules and differently charged molecules are blocked from passing through the cell membrane, while…

The sodium-potassium pumps is a plasma membrane transport protein and serve to push an ion into a cell against its concentration gradient. This type of action is known as active transport because it needs the energy to be able to move the ions against their concentration gradient. Generally, the solutes being pushed in or out of a cell will go from a low concentration gradient to a high concentration gradient. The sodium-potassium pump is crucial to kidney function, nerve signaling, and heart…

I. Introduction Action potentials are generated as a result of a neuron’s membrane reaching a specific threshold. In order to reach this threshold, a cell must depolarize. Typically, cells depolarize with the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. During the rising phase of the action potential, these channels allow positive sodium ions to flow into the cell in what is called the depolarization phase. The flow of these ions into the cell is often referred to as the sodium current. Once the…

for energy purposes. Bacterial cells are many times smaller and have none of this eukaryote complexity. There was a quantum leap in evolution which saw eukaryotes emerge as a chimera in an abrupt transition already displaying their complex array of membrane and cellular…

Objectives Objective 1: Develop a cell line expressing the duck viperin. In order to develop an avian model that is able to express the duck viperin with an advantage of stable and homogeneous expression, duck viperin with and without the C-terminal V5 tag was previously cloned into the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1/Hygro+. Then, with the use of lipofectamine 2000, I stably transfected an empty vector and duck viperin tagged or untagged into DF-1 cells. In order to get a monoclonal…

she received when she was sixteen. While assessing the scalp there are no bumps, bruises or lesions seen, the hair is brown, free of dandruff, long, thick and evenly distributed. Ears are symmetrical and free of ear wax bilaterally. Both tympanic membranes are pearly gray with no redness or drainage noted. No complaints of ringing in the ears or previous ear infections. Hearing is tested in both ears per the whisper test which is equal bilaterally. Eyebrows evenly distributed. No tenderness or…