Medulla oblongata

Homeostasis is a key factor in helping the body to maintain optimum conditions for life. It aids in keeping a steady environment inside the body when the external environment is constantly changing. ( Peate, I. and Nair, M. 2011) Humans need to maintain a near constant environment internally to be able to function and to survive. There are various control systems at work in the process of homeostasis, such as negative feedback and the receptor, controller and effector loop. The receptor,…

The chemoreceptor responds by sending a message to the medulla oblongata [3]. The medulla oblongata acts as a control center for the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic branch of the (ANS) carries an output messages to stimulate vasoconstriction in the heart. Baroreceptor reflux is a homeostatic mechanism to detect changes…

Swallowing, which is also known as “deglutition” is the process of transporting a bolus (chewed food) from the mouth, down the esophagus, into the stomach. Deglutition consists of three distinct phases with various neural involvements. For some individuals, the inferior esophageal sphincter can malfunction resulting in gastroesophageal reflux disease (often shortened to GERD). Commonly known as “heartburn,” GERD can affect deglutition as well as a person’s quality of life. GERD can be…

Nervous System 1.1 CO – Cardiac output CO may be increased or decreased by autonomic nervous system activity that travels between reflex centers in the medulla oblongata and the SA node of the heart. Control of CO is governed by two kinds of mechanisms: primary mechanisms, which operate quickly for acute…

Understanding the Brain Sometimes you have to tell yourself, “I am a shark” and attack the day - Coach Campaign Understanding the brain is something that many people might find quite complex, especially if you are comparing it to a sea animal. However, they are not as complex as we think, for example, sharks and humans share the same characteristics and structures of the brain. Both species have a cerebrum located superiorly to the body along…

diffusion between the pulmonary capillaries and alveoli. Ventilation Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs, also known as inspiration and expiration as previously stated. Respirations are controlled by the medulla oblongata in the brain. The medulla oblongata initiates the signal for the respiratory muscles to…

THYROID GLAND:The thyroid gland, located inside the neck, takes iodine from foods and converts it into thyroid hormones. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: ANTERIOR VENA CAVA: The anterior vena cava drains the body of blood cranially to the heart. POSTERIOR VENA CAVA: The posterior vena cava drains the body of blood caudal to the heart. JUGULAR VEIN: The jugular vein is a group of veins that drain the structures lying in the cranial cavity of blood, until they unite with the subclavian vein. CEPHALIC:Large…

Conclusion 1 : The degrees of exercise and the pulse rate are positively related. That means the pulse rate increases when the degrees of exercise increase. Explanation : - Pulse rate increases means the heart rate increases. - Heart rate increases means the frequency of the beating of heart increases. - Three reasons for the rise in pulse rate when the degrees of exercise increase. Reason ⅰ : To remove lactic acid in blood and skeletal muscle cells…

and the cerebellum. The pons lies in the brainstem directly above the medulla and contains nuclei that control sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder function, equilibrium, eye movement, facial expressions, and posture (Siegel and Sapru 2010). The pons relays sensory information to the cerebellum and to the thalamus. The pons regulates breathing through particular nuclei that regulate the breathing center of the medulla oblongata (New World Encylopedia, 2014). The cerebellum plays an important…

the blood volume, therefore the blood pressure too.Angiotensin II also stimulates the production of aldestorne by the adrenal cortex.Aldosterone provoke kidneys to reabsorp more sodium ions and water. Due to the sympathetic stimulation,the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine,which raise the heart rate and respectively,the cardiac…