Medium of exchange

As people decided to sending human into deep space to explore unknown feature of the universe, the environment outside the earth is a big uncertainty with factors that we can’t fully understand yet. Besides the cost and the time we spend during long space travel, stay in the cold, vacuum universe would let astronauts experience different kind of radiation. These radiation may be some ionized particles as electromagnetic waves traveling with high speed and energy. They could come from nearby…

Journal 1 After the first two weeks of lecture in Cinema Appreciation I have learned a great deal more about what goes into making a film. I was under the impression that there was one magical camera that could change settings to capture the diverse range of images instantaneously. Active viewing was something, I thought I did, but it wasn’t until I took a step back and saw the variety of shots and how each one of them is put together that I realized that there is more then one way to watch a…

Transformation of pGlO plasmid to an E.coli bacteria cell We pipetted 250 ul of CaCl2 transformation solution to into two separate tubes. Next, we used a sterile loop to transfer two to four larger bacteria colonies from an E.coli plate into each of the two tubes. The bacteria was observed under UV light to make initial observations. We pipetted 10 ul of pGLO plasmid (0.08 ug/ul) into one of the tubes. Both tubes were incubated on ice for ten minutes. After ten minutes of incubation, the tubes…

Discussion: Each test is a pertinent contribution to drawing an educated conclusion. After performing the gram staining and observing which unknown culture was gram positive, a catalase test was performed. The catalase test allows lab workers to differentiate Staphylococci and Streptococci genus. The test was performed only on the gram-positive culture. Bacteria that respire by the use of oxygen, otherwise known as aerobic respiration, produce enzyme or “catalase”. This protects the bacteria…

6. Three Nutrient Agar Plate (NAP) were contaminated as follow to illustrate that there are microorganism all around us and to demonstrate the necessity for proper aseptic technique. a) The lid of the first agar plate was removed and the exposed agar was placed in the building on the laboratory rack for 3 hours. The lid was replaced and labelled as “air”. It was then incubated at room temperature. b) A second Petri plate was divided in half using a marker. Two cotton sterile swab were moisten in…

For this experiment, unknown sample #12 was used. The first step in identifying any unknown bacterium is to grow a culture on a nutrient agar plate. This bacterium was also plated on a MAC plate, which is both selective for gram-negative bacteria and differential as well. On the NA plate, bright red colonies were present; on the MAC plate there was bacterial growth as well, but no color change was observed. This lack of color change on the MAC plate indicated that the bacteria did not ferment…

Mtb is classified as a Gram-positive bacteria, and is one of the few bacteria that can be cultured in the laboratory5. Its cell surface is partly composed of various virulence lipids, such as phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs) and phenolic glycolipids (PGLs). and mycolic acid3. Mtb, like many other bacteria, is capable of sensing and responding to their surrounding environment. It does so via the use of two-component systems, one of which is called PhoPR two-component system6. In order for Mtb…

We first needed to collect all the proper materials to conduct the tests on our unknown bacterial sample. To begin the lab, we had to collect a nonpathogenic bacterial sample by swabbing an item or surface inside the biology building with a sterile cotton swab. Our lab group decided to swab a Sharpie permanent marker left at our lab station inside our lab room. We then opened a petri dish and smeared the swab across the surface of the agar several times. Once the bacteria was on the agar, we…

Purpose: to examine and understand the different microbes that are present in the science complex building Introduction: around us exist many bacterial species with unique physiology and adaptation techniques. Given this idea in mind a research can be proposed that do places that have continuous exposure to human contact have similar bacterial diversity or not. Hypothesis: sampling 5 different places in the science complex and inoculating both 5 TSA and MacConkey agars will lead to growth of…

The main objective in this lab is to learn how to interpret Bacterial growth in selective and differential media. The experiment that was conducted above met the objective and can be proved through our observations listed on the next page. Because the Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) contains 7.5% NaCl and is a Phenol Red pH indicator, out of the three organisms’ that were incubated only two of them should have produced bacterial growth colonies. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are…