Medieval philosophy

Question one: Morality minimized. The minimum conception of morality, as explained in the first chapter of James Rachels’ The Elements of Moral Philosophy, states the following, “Morality is at the very least, the effort to guide one’s conduct by reason - that is to do what there are the best reasons for doing -- while giving equal weight to the interests of each individual who will be affected by what one does.” To guide one’s conduct by reason is not inherently different from that of cognitive…

David Hume is a philosopher who wrote essay Of Miracles. He has clearly pointed out about miracles on his essay Of Miracles. In his essay, he defines a miracle that “miracles were violations of laws of nature, and therefore could only be performed by God or those God had entrusted with divine powers” (Craig, 28). In one word, he denied for the existence of miracles. In his theory, miracles have been brought about by God and/or invisible power, which related to God against rules of nature;…

The philosophies of Stoicism and Skepticism offer differing ideals that one could almost consider being on opposite ends of the spectrum, yet both believe their way of life leads them to the success and truth humans are after. But which one offers the most logical position? Epictetus presents his thought of Stoicism in The Encheiridion, where he offers advice on how to obtain happiness. David Hume rejects the idea of Stoicism in his essay “The Skeptic”. In the article Hume highlights some of the…

contributions to the development of the philosophical aspect of existentialism. Shestov has contributed to existentialism through his fascinating critique of philosophy and his surprising connection between philosophical existentialism and religion. He is also one of the first Russian philosophers to find an audience in Europe. Existentialism is a philosophy, popularized in the 20th century, that analyzes an individual's existence while in a Supernatural environment. The individual must…

that are highly accepted by Christian followers globally (Oppy 23). By the time the argument was being put forward, it was easily accepted as science had not been improved to the level at which it is right now. It is easier to conclude that, the philosophy was easily accepted because any theory that quoted the bible and used it as evidence was readily accepted during that era. Needless to say, the argument was presented at a point where questioning the bible and the church doctrines was termed…

“Who exactly are we, and what does it even mean to exist?” The answer to this question is undoubtedly very complex and has been tackled by philosophers throughout time. Particularly, it has been discussed in detail by famous philosophers Descartes and Socrates. Both of these philosophers believed in the act of self-awareness. Moreover, Descartes is recognized for his famous line, “Cogito, Ergo Sum,” which is loosely translated to “I think, therefore I am.” Whereas Socrates was famous for his…

According to section 15 of the first essay On the Genealogy of Morals by Friedrich Nietzsche, he starts out by saying, “If faith in what? In love of what? In hope of what?---The weak people---some day or other they too intend to be strong there is no doubt of that, some day their kingdom” too shall come---they term it “the kingdom of God,” of course, as aforesaid: for one is so very humble in all things” (Nietzsche, 1989, p. 48). I think he ask these questions to get his audience to truly…

How would it change your life if you knew your own origin and how you came to be? The reason this question is asked is because nobody knows exactly where any of us came from, which makes it the most important topic for some people to discuss and discover. We all want to know, which is why there have been theories made and people believe in each. Creationism vs. evolution is one of the most controversial topics in the world as of right now and probably one of the most important to figure out…

Moral Responsibility In this paper, I will first discuss why the principle of alternate possibilities (PAP) is true by sharing David Copp’s example of PAP and moral responsibility. Then, the argument will be rejected by Frankfurt’s example of a person being neither indifferent nor stampeded by a threat so the person is still morally responsible. Finally, I will show why Frankfurt does not defeat PAP because there are actions that are bigger than the threat being made. To start with, I will…

The dialogue between Socrates and Meno revolve around a fundamental issue: whether virtue can be taught. However, Socrates indicates that it is unfeasible to answer this question without knowing what virtue really is. He is interested in knowing the intrinsic nature of a virtue and what makes all instances of virtue, virtuous. In other words, the reason why something is a virtue. Although Meno produces his first faulty definition when he says, “If you want the virtue of man, it is easy to say…