McGill Pain Questionnaire

advances in the technology and use of spinal cord neuromodulation for the treatment of chronic refractory pain syndromes in patients whom medical and surgical management have been exhausted. This chapter focuses on the technical aspects of percutaneous placement of SCN devices, emphasizing patient selection, technique, and complications. The precise mechanism of spinal cord modulation for neuropathic pain is partially understood. The original ‘control gate theory’ postulated that continual…

Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter and paracrine signalling molecule in all bilateral animals, where it mediates gut movements and the animal's perceptions of resource availability. 5-HT was found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), blood platelets, and the central nervous system (CNS) [1] [2]. Approximately 90% of 5-HT in the human body is synthesized and released in the GI tract, and the remainder is synthesized in serotonergic neurons of the CNS. 5-HT is synthesized from…

commonly used for seizures, but helps reduce some chronic and cancer pain. Anticonvulsants are also adjuvant analgesics because they don’t allow certain type of nerve transmissions therefore changing the way the body senses pain. Anticonvulsant may be taken alone for pain management in combination with opioids. Common drugs gabapentin and pregabalin (Lyrica) are considered first-line medications in various types of neuropathic pain and to treat migraine headaches. Gabapentin is initially started…

anesthesia for lower-extremity surgeries or nerve block methods intending pain control has been growing Objectives: In this study, the appropriateness of nerve blocks in arthroscopic knee surgery was investigated. It has been informed that pain, anxiety and et cetera can increase BP by stimulating sympathetic nervous system. Then the appropriateness of nerve blocks for knee joint diseases was verified by relation of the pain during surgery, the anesthetic satisfaction, and systolic BP change…

Horses are admired because of their confident stance, and swift running. Its legs are important because their movements rely on them. Here are some of the health conditions that may affect your horse’s hind legs: Stringhalt “Stringhalt is the over-flexing of one or both back legs,” Katherine Blocksdorf wrote in her article for The Spruce. If your horse’s hind legs look like it is taking a high step, then it must be suffering from this health condition. You may not notice the flexing of its…

years I have suffered the pain of having little or no cartilage in both of my knees. I suppose I did like most people - take ibuprofen and suffer. The pain finally became bad enough for me to schedule an appointment with an orthopedic surgeon. The diagnosis was really no surprise to me: osteoarthritis in both knees with the recommendation to have TKR (total knee replacement) in both knees. I decided to wait before I made any rash decisions. After another full year of pain and limited…

pushing their big toes forcefully and repeatedly on the ground which results to a turf toe. When it is caused by a repetitive injury, the signs and symptoms will develop gradually and worsens over time. However, if there is a sudden force involved, the pain will be felt immediately and gets worse within the 24 hours period. Once you have these signs and symptoms, you might…

"Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Marijuana, Cannabinoids, and Therapeutic Implications in Medicine and Headache: What a Long Strange Trip It's Been .." Headache: The Journal of Head & Face Pain, vol. 55, no. 6, June 2015, pp. 885-916. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/head.12570. Hearing, Gregory A. and Michael A. Balducci. "Medical Marijuana's Effect on Employment Law: The Highs, the Lows, and the Unanswered Questions." Florida Bar Journal, vol. 91…

How Biomechanical Knowledge Can Contribute to Physical Performance The field of Biomechanics involves study of external and internal forces and their impact on human movement. External Forces can include forces applied to other objects or persons, ground reaction forces, impact forces and fluid sources (Vogel, 2013). Conversely, internal biomechanical forces include those resulting from muscle activation and joint movement. Knowledge of this interplay between humans and their environment during…

Back pain affects more than 3 million Americans a year and can range from a minor nuisance to a major lifestyle disruption. Though many depend on pain medications and even turn to surgery as treatments, effective relief can also be achieved through physical therapy. Many studies have shown that physical therapy can mimic the results of undergoing surgery, especially in reducing back pain and increasing function. Back pain can result from variety of reasons such as accident, injury or simply…