Maximum likelihood

variables in another set (Akbas and Takma, 2005). Thus a linear combination of X variables U = a1x1 + a2x2 +.....................+amxm and a linear combination of Y variables V = b1y1 + b2y2 +.................+bmym. The first canonical correlation is the maximum correlation between U and V for all U and V. Subsequent pairs of the correlations between U and V are also maximized subject to the constraint that they are not correlated with any other previous pairs (Johnson and…

Consequently, a specific test offers a minimum of false-positives. This would denote to non-alcohol abusers acknowledged by the screening test as alcohol abusers (Maisto & Saitz, 2003). As a screening decree, screening tests have a habit of emphasizing maximum sensitivity over specificity. Specificity is an imperative concern as it correlates to the resources used to appraise individuals who screen positive but do not essentially have an alcohol disorder (Peters, et al., 2000). Measures with…

Issues around reoffenders, ex-criminals, healthcare and education are of large importance to governments, and efforts are continuously being made to resolve these issues. The introduction of social bonds (SBs) has brought about a new and innovative means to resolving these issues. Social bonds are a performance-based contract between governments and the private sector aimed at resolving social issues. Their ability to deliver better outcomes, while transferring risk from governments to the…

Hungerford Massacre of August 1978 (Leitzel, 2003). This particular incident led to the Firearms Amendment Act that extended the list of banned weapons and increased registration requirements for other weapons. The stringent laws are all to reduce the likelihood of a gun getting into the wrong hands. Police officers in each part of the UK, England, Scotland and Wales have separate licenses for shotguns and other firearms (Casciani, 2010). Before a gun is issued, the British police have to check…

influence a persons likelihood to conform. They replicated Asch 's original study from 1951, but this time used confederates of two different kinds: 1. Psychology students who the participants who were also psychology students could identify with, for the in-group condition and ancient history students for the out-group condition. Participants could state their answer publicly and privately. The overall conformity was 32%, very similar to the conformity in Asch 's experiment. The maximum of…

Stochastic Mortality Models Fitting mortality rates and hence longevity risk quantification dynamically continues to be a challenge especially in the developing countries. Earlier development relied on one-factor model by Lee and Carter (1992). Lee and Carter model is widely applied since it has been found to provide fairly accurate estimations and population projections for both the academicians and practitioners. Later on, Renshaw and Haberman and Halzoupoiz(1996) and Renshaw and Heberma…

government should retain its role as guarantor of a defined benefit and make health care providers more accountable for costs and quality. Debate over these options should recognize the inherent trade-offs among the certainty of cost control, the likelihood of achieving cost savings while preserving as much high-value care as possible, and the risk that the most vulnerable Americans will pay the highest price for fiscal discipline (Rosenthal,…

would be significantly lower than those who have a degree. This ultimately emphasizes the idea that the rich get richer, while the poor get poorer. The exclusive enrollments selection done by post-secondary institutions imposes hinder a society’s maximum potential and do not provide equal opportunities for all students to experience it. It would be ideal to universities and colleges to shift their mindsets to be inclusive to all economic…

the ability to lose weight simply by focusing on your food (Anderson, 402), and the depiction of Einstein multitasking in a Swiss patent office (Anderson 401), are just some of the many examples mentioned. These underlying distractions allow for maximum effectiveness of the usage of The Boston Molasses Disaster. When mentioning topics such as South Koreans, Anderson does not make it known to his readers that they are being used as distractions. These underlying distractions then allow for the…

Evidence The giant catfish is uncommon yet broadly presented through the Mekong Basin. Mature fish seem to be found in major channels of the Mekong River and its tributaries. Juvenile fish seem to stick around wetland areas of the Mekong Basin. In the dry season mature fish migrate vast distances up river and start spawning when the rains arrive. The eggs and hatchlings are being transported downstream where juveniles may scatter into floodplains and other wetland zones. Not much information is…