Maxilla

undesirable and possibly inevitable and can negatively impact implant placement. (6,7) Mercier et al, 1988(13) has reported that the residual ridge resorption is the result of both Dissuse atrophy and a Pressure-resorption phenomenon. Disuse atrophy serves to remodel a structure, the alveolar bone that has no primary reason to exist after the loss of teeth. The process is limited to the contouring of the alveolar bone surfaces, as pointed out by the common observation that people who have lost their teeth but have never worn dentures do not suffer from severe atrophy. On the other hand, the pressure-resorption phenomenon is an active process guided by the laws of bone dynamics. It is caused by denture wear. Patterns of resorption in the maxilla differ from those in the mandible. Maxillary ridges resorb usually more evenly than the mandibular ones because of larger denture-bearing areas, with the palate providing a more equal distribution of mechanical forces. Due to excessive forces originating from natural mandibular incisors and inadequate posterior prosthetic support, the anterior maxillary bone disappears at a faster rate than the posterior part(12), Where a prominent root position is generally accompanied by an extremely fine and fragile vestibular wall that can be damaged during tooth extraction (2,8,9). Swenson(19) stated that after tooth extraction the alveolar process of the maxillae resorbs upward and inward to become progressively smaller because the direction…

The figures 11-15 represent the different aspects of the left Permanent Mandibular Second Molar. Mandibular molars are the largest teeth on the mandibular arch. There is a number of three on each side of the mandible; first, second and third mandibular molars. They resemble each other in functional form, although when in comparison with each one, it’s clear the variations in the number of cusps, size, the occlusal design and the lengths and position of the roots. All mandibular molars have…

on the teeth. The presence of starchy particles in the mouth creates an ideal breeding environment and food supply for the oral bacteria. When allowed to settle and breed, the bacteria travel down the tooth and into the gums, causing infection and inflammation of the gums. In advanced stages, periodontal disease enters the body through opportunistic entry through blood vessels in the oral cavity. Where periodontal disease progresses over a long period of time in humans, it progresses relatively…

1. Nasal bone a. These bones serve as attachments sites for the cartilaginous tissues that shape the nose (AnatomyExpert, 2014). 2. Nasal Cartilage a. The nasal cartilage articulates with the ethmoid bone to anteriorly separate the nasal passage into two halves (Starkey, Brown, & Ryan, 2011). 3. Zygoma a. The zygoma is a sturture that fused to the maxilla and the temporal bones to form the prominent zygomatic arch beneath the eyes (Starkey, et al., 2011). 4. Maxilla a. The main functions for the…

Primary central MEC has been reported in the first to seventh decade; however, cases occurring in the: fourth and fifth decades are most widespread. [6] In children, gender ratio and the mandible to maxilla ratio is 1:1, whereas in adults: MEC is slightly more common in women and the posterior mandible. [6] In this case the lesion was seen in 16 yr female patient. The pathogenesis of intraosseous MEC is much debated. It may originate from, [7] • Entrapment of retromolar mucus glands within the…

the age at death of the specimen. Using the charts in Juvenile Osteology, A Laboratory and Field Manual(Schaefer, Black, and Scheuer 2009a) and Human Osteology (White, Black, and Folkens 2012), a correlation was determined and an age range was decided. However, due to the variability in growth patterns and epiphyseal fusion times to narrow down the age range, dental observations were employed to provide a more accurate age range. The work of Douglas Ubelaker (Ubelaker 1989), provide a detailed…

Introduction Sufficient analgesia is essential for canine patients undergoing oral surgery, such as dental extractions and orthopaedic procedures involving the maxilla and/or mandible. These procedures produce strong sensory stimulation that impact on general anaesthetic requirements and produce post-operative pain (Woodward 2008). Providing multimodal analgesia for our patients is beneficial for several reasons. From a clinical standpoint, pre-operative local nerve blocks decrease the level of…

A high-energy impact can lead to splitting of the hard palate, a part of the maxilla. This split can easily go unnoticed and can lead to facial deformities such as widening of the face. Since a maxillary fracture is typically not life threatening, its treatment tends to be delayed. This allows the soft tissues to contract and heal incorrectly. This incorrect healing complicates the corrective surgery making success more difficult to achieve (Perry, 2014, p. 252). A mandibular fracture can…

midline creating an anterior open bite is characteristic.  Central midface height is shortened.  The cartilaginous and bony nasal septum is thickened or duplicated. The nasal bones and nasal process of the maxilla are broad, flattened, and displaced laterally from the midline.  Ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses may be enlarged, contributing to symmetrical widening of the anterior cranial fossa and hypertelorism. Number 1 Cleft ☆ Soft tissue involvement: similar to the common cleft lip,…

they stated that there no sharpey’s fibers after palatal repair using a partially split flap technique. furthermore, the palatal bone after palatal repair using a partially split flap technique, is completely normal. In cases showing anterior cross bite can be explained as the vomerain flap can affect the forward growth premaxilla this is in agreement with Liao et al, 22as they used the vomer flap for hard palate repair and stated that ,this technique effect in on the anteroposterior development…