Materials

due to various reasons: Uncertainties in loading or environment Defects in material Inadequacy in design Deficiency in construction or maintenance The strength of materials can be increased significantly. But sometimes this comes at the cost of reduced ductility of the material. For example, strength of steel can be increased by manipulating the microstructure. But this increases the brittleness of the material. Thus, a member can fail catastrophically due to crack formation and…

The significance is that a correlation needs to be developed to facilitate the introduction of FRP as new materials in the construction of infrastructure. This leads to increase the bond strength of the concrete and steel used in any structural components. Also, the paper will present the comparison of results obtained by different researchers and helps the civil…

Chapter-4 (Introduction to FEM Analysis using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS) 4.1 Introduction: In simplest form we can define Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) as miniaturized electro-mechanical devices made by using various techniques of micro-fabrication, where the dimensions can be in the range from less than one micron to several millimeters. Many MEMS devices are of the size of a grain or the eye of a needle. MEMS is indeed one of the most promising and emerging areas of engineering. This…

They have many advantages when considered for industrial and machinery and lubrication purpose. Vegetable oil can have excellent lubricity and lubrication properties over synthetic oil. In many applications like for tractor transmission, friction material need to be added to reduce clutch slippage [8]. Lubricants need to possess some lubrication properties which give good machining performance. Vegetable oil have very high viscosity index (VI). For example 223 for soya bean oil versus 90-100 for…

Why Concrete Is The Ideal Material For A Septic Tank Building a home in the country is a great idea when you want room for your kids to play away from a congested city. However, being even a short distance from the city limits means you may not be able to connect to the municipal water supply or sewer system. That problem is easy to solve by installing a well, septic tank, and drainfield. One choice you'll have to make is what type of septic tank to install. Here's why concrete is often the…

Plastics (Phenolic resins, Epoxy resins, Polyesters and Polyurethanes) are materials which make up the objects which we use in our everyday lives such as phones, cars, cooking utensils, computers and shoes, (http://www.slideshare.net). Plastics are a group of material which can either be synthetic or naturally occurring. Plastics are considered as polymers a substance which has a molecular structure with a large number of units bonded together, (http://www.chemheritage.org). Most plastics are…

the extraordinary range of properties. Polymers are among the most widely used and important type of materials today. Polymers have been with us from the beginning of time; they form the very basis (building blocks) of life. Animals, plants all classes of living organisms are composed of polymers. Polymers can be classified according to origin: synthetic macromolecules made of fossil raw materials (such as petrochemicals produced by cracking or refining of crude oil), or naturally occurring…

shapeable. During this process they will continue to heat the glass in a furnace while in between applying steady rotation by rolling it on a table to to form a shape. Sometimes they may even add some color by rolling the hot glass different colorful materials and then heating it in the furnace once more or continuously depending on the artist’s vision. After the glassblower achieves the shape, the piece is then transferred to a pipe without a hole, punty, where the artist forms the top part.…

Polyethylene terephthalate, most commonly known as plastic, is a material consisting of a wide range of synthetic and/or semi-synthetic organics that are malleable/ductile and can be molded into many solid objects. Plastics are typically made of organic polymers (chains of carbon or chains of carbon that have been bonded to other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur) having high molecular masses, but often contain other substances. Usually being synthetic, and most commonly made from…

AC 2.3: Explain the method of making titanium alloy and investigate how the composition and structure of metal alloys, polymers and poly-matrix composites influence the properties of the parent material. 1. Extraction process. 2. Melting process. 3. Storage process. Extraction of Titanium by Kroll process: First titanium ore Rutile (TiO2) is taken. Rutile is converted into titanium sponge by the following process: Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) – a colourless compound is obtained as a result…