Mary Ainsworth

This advertisement supports pathos, ethos, and logos. For pathos, it first includes the picture of a baby which catches the readers eye and reminds them of the baby whose life will be affected by their decision. The second part of pathos includes words such as “plagues”, “diseases”, and “for generation”. It makes the reader realize the severity of their decision and how long the disease has been a problem. For ethos, it talks about being concerned about the side effect of immunizations and makes…

The behaviour of an individual and the relationships they have – whether it’s platonic, romantic or familial – can be traced back to early childhood - as early as infancy even. Bowlby (1977) defines attachment as; “an enduring emotional bond which an individual forms to another person.” In other words, attachment is a strong tie an individual has with special figures in their lives, in whom they place great trust in. When they interact with these special figures, they feel joy and experience…

A fundamental tenet of attachment theory is that the parent’s caregiving behaviour shapes a child’s internal working model of self and others. Children, who experience sensitive and consistent caregiving, develop secure working models of relationships, whereas children who experience rejecting or inconsistent relationships tend to develop insecure working models. According to Cassidy (1994) an important attribute of the secure model is the view that emotion expression is acceptable, that such…

Introduction and Background John Bowlby was a psychologist and psychiatrics who was an innovator, and a forerunner and a head of his time. He made major contribution in the area child psychology. His contemporary’s say that he shaped the way child psychology in comprehended the twentieth century. His concentration of study focused on parent and child connection what it entailed, and what happened when that connection was nonexistent or for whatever reason could occur. The name of…

In the first five year of human’s life, which is called early childhood. In this stage, early childhood experience could influence the entire life of human, and shape what person you will be. Early childhood education is exploring continue up to now. There are many theorists, who spent efforts to focused on the development of human. This essay will discuss several theorists’ theories of early childhood education, which is involved in Erikson’s stage theory, Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory and…

attachment (the evolutionary theory and the learning theory). Attachment as an infant refers to a unique relationship or bond that develops between the infant and a main caregiver (usually the mother) from a young age and beyond over time (Ainsworth, 1973; Bowlby, 1969). The ability to form attachment is said to be due to two things ‘nature or nurture’ (evolutionary and learning theory). Nature is described as an innate process present in both the infant and the mother which naturally and…

There have been numerous attempts to define resilience. Some of the definitions of resilience highlight it as a process. Cicchetti (1995) defines it as a dynamic developmental process reflecting evidence of positive adaptation despite significant life adversity. The aspect of dynamic developmental process encompasses the attainment of positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity (Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000; Masten 2001). Emmy Werner was one of the first pioneers in the…

Attachment is a desire for physical closeness with someone. Pertaining to attachment within infancy it has “been viewed as the foundation for future relationships, as the basis for confidence and curiosity as toddlers, and as important influences of self-concept.” as stated in our reading material. There are four different types of attachments we went over. Secure if the first type of attachment, about 65% of children in the U.S. are securely attached. This type of attachment is one which a…

Cultural Influences on Infants’ Temperament Nilsen (2014) suggested that along with attachment comes infants’ temperament that is an inborn characteristic trait, in that the expression of emotions are express by infants’ reflexes, joy, and cries that vary in intensity. Some infants express contentment or joy motionless, while other actively express these emotions. Their intensity of their cries are also differ, depending on their temperament instead of their discontent, and change overtime by…

1. Reactive Attachment Disorder can be defined as a serious condition in which infants and/or young children struggle to establish healthy attachments with their main caregivers. 2. A healthy attachment style between a child and their parent starts while the baby is still in the womb. The connection and the desire that healthy children seek, especially when they are scared or hungry, displays a healthy attachment style. 3. Two circumstances that may “rob” children of the opportunity to form a…