Marie de France

Armstrong was invited to the U.S Olympic development team, before turning pro as an international cyclist, although his career was in jeopardy when he developed testicular cancer. The cancer didn’t stop him returning to win seven consecutive Tour de France races 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 22 individual stage wins, although he was convicted of using performance enhancing with forfeited his titles. He finally admitted doping in 2013. Lance Armstrong used several performance…

1. Blood doping is performed by athletes to increase their body’s ability “to transport more oxygen to muscles and therefore increase stamina and performance”. According to the WADA, there are three highly practiced methods that athletes use: “blood transfusions, EPO, and synthetic oxygen carriers”. (https://www.wada-ama.org/en/questions-answers/blood-doping) EPO (erythropoietin) is naturally produced by the body and can also be administered via injection. Its primary function is to promote red…

There are a number of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational forces that could explain exactly why Lance Armstrong cheated in his numerous Tour de France victories. I believe it takes an equal amount of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors to cause an average athlete to cheat. To become a full time cyclist takes hard work and dedication. You have to thoroughly enjoy cycling to do the training to become a world class cyclist. To become a successful cyclist in recent years has involved the…

Should athletes who dope have to give up their titles and medals? This topic has been encompassed by a lot of controversies and has been a hot topic in sports organizations for years. Athletes who dope should have to forfeit their titles and medals because doping gives them an unfair advantage and enhances their abilities. Not to mention it is also illegal and can result in a ban from sports and even financial penalties. ("BBC Sport", 2016) There are many reasons as to why doping should have…

Zeenat Adams Bolivar Comp 10 June 10, 2016 Doping in Sports In the 2012 London Olympic Games, more than half of the athletes were disqualified for taking banned substances. They were caught taking drugs such as steroids and human growth hormone (HGH). Athletes should not dope because it ruins their career, as well as their bodies and the integrity of the sport that they play. Performing enhancing drugs are any substance taken by athletes specifically to improve their athletic…

The article is “Performance-Enhancing Drugs Should Be Legalized” by Stephen Wang. The article focuses on the idea that performance-enhancing drugs being legalized would be beneficial for the world of sport. There are conflicts with regulating drugs because of design. There are perspectives on how doping may be medically supervised. There is the exploration of doping to win is a necessity. It would be a difficult task to catch dopers. A main concern for legalizing performance-enhancing drugs is…

Gene doping is defined in the Oxford Dictionary as “the transfer of genes or genetically modified cells into an individual as a potential method for illicitly enhancing athletic performance.” It is is a relatively new method of modifying the human genome for the purpose of increasing athletic performance. Gene doping can be traced back to research presented in the late 1990’s concerning genetic modification of skeletal muscles (Barton-Davis et al., 1998; McPherron et al., 1997). The research…

Athletes people who are role models to the next generation, people who influence how countries are ran. Many athletes use blood doping to get an extra edge over the other competitors but by many people believe this method is unfair and many people are fighting over whether this method should be banned or allowed in professional sports. Blood doping is the process where blood is transfused or injected in the body to increase red blood cells. This red blood cells are important to athletes because…

According to World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), a substance is banned if it meets two of the three following criteria; the potential for enhancing performance, the potential for detriment to health, and violation of the spirit of sport. However, if an athlete has a medical condition that requires them to take the medication, the athlete must apply for an exemption. The World Anti-Doping Agency have a prohibited list which contains; five classes of prohibited substances, three prohibited methods of…

direct athletic kinship to a celebrity endorser, he may still be immensely persuaded by the celebrity’s advertisement. This short commercial uses Armstrong’s confession to being diagnosed with cancer, beating it, and continuing to win several Tour de France races to grip the viewer with a potent amount of pathos and ethos to promote its brand and preserve its status on the market. Opening with Armstrong’s public announcement of his case of testicular cancer, the advertisement immediately…