Mammary gland

recruited from the cohort of consecutive patients referred to the Combined Head and Neck Clinic (CHNC) at a large tertiary hospital in Brisbane between September 2013 and November 2014. For inclusion, all patients had to have at least one parotid gland affected by either primary, metastatic or recurrent disease, and were planned to receive either definitive XRT or surgery with postoperative XRT to a prescription dose of 60Gy or greater. Patients were excluded from the study if they were managed…

The Causes and Effects of Stress The study of stress has gathered momentum with many different definitions with one describing the concept of stress as the emotional and physiological responses to circumstances that are too difficult to cope with or to some and which one has no choice but to endure them. Over the last few years, the term stress and it’s causes and effects have always had our attention. For some long period of time stress has always been around. Have you ever wondered what causes…

triggered by prolonged use of medication such corticosteroids used for treatment of arthritis. Also, Cushing’s syndrome can be caused by tumor of pituitary or adrenal glands. The treatment would require the surgical intervention, the removal of tumor and possible long-termed use of medications in order to sustain normal function of removed glands. iii.) Positive feedback increases variable and boosting physiological processes. Figure 1 A flow diagram showing the positive feedback of the…

Medical Physician's Prescription All about Human Growth Hormone or HGH HGH is produced by pituitary gland that plays a vital role in growth and development in humans. HGH helps in regulating body fluids, body composition and muscle and bone growth and even fat metabolism and possibly heart function. However several factors can affect the production of HGH in the body which causes the pituitary gland to produce little or stop HGH production which can lead to a medical condition called HGH…

hypothalamus control physiologic purposes, such as sleep, mood or sex drive. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that controls the other endocrine glands and has a major impact growth, metabolism and maturation. As well as that, the pituitary gland is about the size of a pea and is located at the base of the…

Endocrine System The endocrine system has to do with the hormones of the body. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel throughout the bloodstream to other tissues. These hormones are secreted by endocrine glands throughout the body. Hormones help with the functions of certain organs and glands and help with digestion, muscle contraction, sex hormones for reproduction, sleep, and much more. They can really dictate how chemicals in the body react. The major function of the endocrine system…

Some of these glands produce up to 2 secretions (Hormones) but mostly each gland will have the task of producing one. These glands are ductless, which is why they secrete directly into the blood. This is a list of the glands which are a part of this system; Pineal, Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and parts of the pancreas, ovaries and testes. Digestive system…

The Endocrine system is a complex mechanism of glands that secrete hormones that control almost every cell, organ, and function in each of our bodies. This system is directly responsible for regulating “metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood”. (Zimmermann, 2016) EDC’s or Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals are environmental toxins that trigger “biochemical processes that alter development pathways” thus interfering with hormonal dispersal…

One of the other types of stress is Episodic Acute Stress. When acute stress starts to happen, more often it is called episodic acute stress. People who always seem to have a continuous crisis in their life seem to have episodic acute stress. People that tend suffer from this always seem to be in a rush, they take too much on and tend not to be able to organize themselves to deal with demands and pressures. People who have Episodic Acute stress are often short-tempered, irritable, and anxious.…

The hormone cortisol is a very important hormone for regular function in humans and many other animals. Cortisol is a steroid hormone (a derivative of cholesterol).1 It is produced in the adrenal glands of the kidneys2 and is especially important when an individual faces a stressor.3 Unusually high or low concentrations of cortisol will almost certainly have an adverse effect on regular human function. In healthy humans, cortisol is at its highest concentration when an individual…