Magnetic stirrer

Electronegativity is based upon the atoms strength within the element to attract electrons to form bonds. Now atoms like to fulfil the octet rule of having a perfect 8 outer shell causing it to be stable. Now unfortunately not all elements have a full outer shell now elements on the left side of the periodic table contain less than half of electrons the required energy to gain electrons is much higher than comparison to trying the energy to lose an electron. So the elements on the left side when…

To meet the ever increasing demands for improved quality of life, a number of pharmaceutical researchers have developed a variety of dosage forms and the oral route has always been the most preferred means of drug administration due to the ease, high patient compliance and low cost of production. In spite of a variety of dosage forms, tablets are most commonly adopted dosage form. The class II drugs have low solubility issues which results in poor dissolution rate and bioavailability[1,2].…

Preparation of coating solutions Chitosan solution was prepared with 2 % (w/v) chitosan in 1% (v/v) acetic acid glacial. The solution was placed on a hot plate/magnetic stirrer for 6 h. The resultant chitosan-based coating solution was filtrated, through a Whatman filter paper No: 2, glycerol was added at 0.75 % (w/v), and stirred for more than 15 minutes. Two of the best concentrations, 60 and 90 mg mL−1 were prepared from freeze-dried IgY for S. putrefaciens and P. fluorescens respectively.…

Collect the sample to be tested in a 300 mL BOD bottle taking special care to avoid adding air to the liquid being collected. Fill bottle completely and add stopper. 2. Remove bottle stopper and add 1 mL of the manganous sulfate solution at the surface of the liquid. 3. Add 1 mL of the alkaline-potassium iodide-sodium azide solution at the surface of the liquid. 4. Replace the stopper, avoid trapping air bubbles and shake well by inverting the bottle several times. Repeat shaking…

Introduction Silver, like gold, is found in a native state; frequently too it occurs as an alloy containing gold, which is recognized, when the silver is dissolved in nitric acid, as the black sediment or oxide of gold. Arsenic and antimony are found also alloyed with it. Several of the ores of lead and copper contain silver. As silver is a precious metal often used for coins, its mining has historically often been lucrative. As with other precious metals such as gold, newly discovered deposits…

Mesalazine and Rifaximin use for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mesalazine is used as in anti-inflammatory agent, Steroidal. Rifaximin is used in Gastrointestinal Agents, Anti-infective agent. The use of Rifaximin in combination with Mesalazine has been proved to provide beneficial effect in inflammatory bowel disease. The mechanism of Mesalazine and Rifaximin is quite different. Mesalamine and Rifaximin are two different types of drugs offering some symptomatic relief to the IBD patients.…

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the most common and prevalent diseases in the world (Raadhika and Shanthi, 2012; Rao and Kulkarni , 2012). Salbutamol sulphate (SS) is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm (Sharma et al., 2015). Salbutamol sulphate is readily absorbed from the gastro intestinal tract following oral administration, and it undergoes the first pass metabolism in the liver. It requires multiple dosing a day…

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND STUDY Wastewater in the textile , plastic, paper and cosmetics industry is a major threat to the environment. The volume of wastewater produced starts from different processes throughout from the pretreatments to the final treatment. The contents found in the wastewater are complex, having inorganic and organic compound chemicals in it and aquatic lives are at risk. Some of these wastes have even caused mutation in genetic coding of the marine…