Chemistry is the study of atoms. Chemical scientists study what atoms are made of and how they connect. Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. It was John Dalton who put forward his ideas and theories about atoms at the beginning of the 19th century: Dalton proposed that atoms were like tiny, hard balls (Absorb Learning, 2008). Then at the end of the 19th century JJ Thompson discovered the electron through an experiment. When JJ Thompson…
Preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome and eclampsia are part of a spectrum of hypertensive disorders specific to pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity worldwide. The root cause of hypertensive disorders specific to pregnancy is the placenta. As the cytotrophoblastic tissue of the placenta fails to widen the maternal spiral arteries – this is called decreased spiral remodeling. This causes decreased tissue perfusion (ischemia) in the…
for it to react, but then bubbles started to form around the magnesium ribbon and the substance turned into a pink-yellowish color around the magnesium strip when it was placed in the 150 milliliters beaker. The physical observations of reaction three was the magnesium strip started to form bubbles around it and it seemed to protrude from the magnesium strip itself. Reaction four, when reacted, bubbles started to form around the magnesium strip, it started…
I analyzed a bottle of one a day women’s multivitamin supplement. The list of the amounts of vitamins and minerals in my supplement for women of my age or older are: Supplement Facts Serving Size: One tablet Amount Per Serving % Daily Value Supplement Facts Serving Size: One tablet Amount Per Serving Vitamin A 2500 IU Vitamin C 60 mg Vitamin D 1000 IU Vitamin E 22.5 IU Vitamin K 25 mcg Thiamin (B1) 1.5 mg Riboflavin (B2) 1.7 mg Niacin 20 mg Vitamin B6 2 mg Folic Acid 400 mcg Vitamin B12 6 mcg…
1.0) The Ellingham Diagram 1.1) Introduction The Gibbs free energy (∆G) of a reaction is defined as the measure of the thermodynamic force that drives a reaction to occur. When ∆G is positive, it indicates that a reaction will not occur spontaneously while when ∆G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous. The Gibbs free energy equation is given by : ∆G = ∆H –T∆S ∆H refers to the enthalpy and is a measure of the actual energy that is released when the reaction occurs. A negative…
Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide which can be released in different ways. Both Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NO) are primarily released by human sources such as electricity generation, factory emissions and motor vehicles. Energy generation through the process of burning coal is a primary contributor to gaseous…
“Classifying Chemical Reactions - Lab Report” I - Introduction - Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties and change of matter. In chemistry, chemical and physical changes are used to help scientists understand how different substances react given various circumstances. A chemical change is any change resulting in the formation of a new chemical substance(s). A physical property is any change that does not involve the chemical makeup of a substance at all. In total…
colourless compound is obtained as a result when passing Cl2 gas through the ore. Titanium tetrachloride is purified by fractional distillation. To obtain titanium sponge, the liquid form of TiCl4 is reacted with Magnesium (Mg) or Sodium (Na) under an inert (argon) atmosphere while Magnesium…
casted, corrosion resistant and reproduce fine detail. Moreover, it has high electrical conductivity at high temperatures. To introduce Beryllium into metals, Beryllium alloys of magnesium-aluminum, aluminum, nickel, copper, iron or cobalt are always used (Hornbostel, 1991). According to Harper (2001), Beryllium oxide, with a melting point of 2585 °C and specific gravity of 3.025, is a cubic close-packed and has a zinc blende structure. It is stable in dry atmospheres. At high temperature,…
Introduction: Sildenafil Citrate (API) is more commonly known by its trade name, Viagra. The drug was discovered by Pfizer. It is used to treat penile dysfunction in men. The drug was firstly created in the 1990’s and was to be used as a treatment for high blood pressure, angina and chest pain. During Trials it was discovered that the drug had insignificant effect on angina. In turn an unexpected side-effect was discovered. The drug gave men a penile erection and sustained it for a period of…