Macaque

measurement in this paper is a genetic divergence between two species. To calculate this over a stretch of sequence, we always counted the number of differences per base pair between the two species and normalized by the difference between human and macaque (or another outgroup) over the same stretch. This corrects for variability in mutation rate from locus to locus. In particular, it corrects for a high local mutation rate.” (Patterson, N., Richter, D. J., Gnerre, S., Lander, E. S., & Reich,…

both when the individual themselves in performing an action, as well as when they view others performing the same action. Evidence of mirror neurons was first discovered by Di Pellegrino, Fadiga, Fogassi, Gallese, and Rizzolatti (1992) in a study of macaque monkeys, in particular the detection of audio-visual motor neurons, suggest that premotor areas are involved, both when directly observing actions, as well as when listening to an action related sound. In an fMRI study, Lahav, Saltzman and…

The goal of this project is to examine the effects of naturalistic housing in Zoos such as the Louisville Zoo and how it affects them in cognitive activity. The increasing need of Zoos providing naturalistic housing for such animals is a necessity to prevent failure to thrive. Observations on primates in these naturalistic housings and use of cognitive activates can provide a captivating understanding on the species and select individuals. Visit and Observation This researcher went to the…

Brain Science will Change Communication Mode Communication has long been a significant issue. Although human has created language to help they get the mind of the others and the Internet makes transmitting information faster and more convenient, communication is still imperfect. For example, it is almost impossible for one to share feelings, image and memory in their mind integrally. Actually, people have to use literature,music and many other forms of expression to express themselves. But…

relationship between colonization and incest behaviors amongst populations of these beetles. Although the species is indicated to have strong relative, kin, and familial recognition, similar to the lemurs studied by Boulet, the difference of the environment and ecological barriers that were present in the beetle populations have major consequences on their mating choices. (Jordal, Beaver, and Kirkendall, 2001) The sociobiological theory approach to incest avoidance also takes into consideration…

Throughout Good Natured by Frans de Waal, de Waal adopts a perspective seeking to understand attributes and behaviors of humans and other animals by linking them to an organism’s ability to survive. This standpoint is one known as the evolutionist perspective. De Waal says this about aggression: “a behavior that is universal in the human species, and widespread in the animal kingdom, simply cannot be as detrimental as social science would have us believe. There must be advantages associated with…

Laboratory Exercise #12: Human Genome Project Elena Zachel Part 1: The Human Genome Project 1.The main goals of the HGP (Human Genome Project) are to establish all the 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA, find out and understand the order of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, save the information of human DNA in databases, enhance tools for data analysis, move similar technologies to the private sector, which means that it would not be owned by the government, and last…

assistant professor of Psychology Azif Ghazanfar, he speculates that the phenomenon of the Uncanny Valley has roots in biological revulsion and pathogen avoidance, as seen in his experiment regarding the effect within human-related primates, using Macaque monkeys. He quite rightly states that the phenomenon has “reported anecdotally—“ within the medium of Animation within the past decade, citing examples such as the “—strong negative audience responses to computer-animated films such as The…

Whether it is in an animal or human society, dominant individuals in social hierarchies receive benefits, but it is important to consider the possible costs that come with being at the top. A high dominance rank in animal societies is advantageous and beneficial in reproductive success and health, however staying at the top position can also involve more energetic costs. Do high-ranking males experience higher levels of testosterone and glucocorticoid in unstable hierarchies? Researchers in…

cited as risk factors for later substance abuse” (Shatkin 296). Another risk factor is “low socioeconomic status” (Diagnostic 514). These risk factors might form a sense of incompetence among teens and lead to later substance abuse behavior. In the macaque monkeys’ studies, researchers noted that “the subordinate animals not only had lower D2 receptor density, but also readily self-administered high doses of cocaine, whereas the dominant monkeys had relatively no interest in the drug” (Shatkin…