Lysosome

development of Tay - Sachs disease. ‘The HEXA gene provides instructions for making part of an enzyme called beta - hexosaminidase A’ (Genetics Home Reference authors, 2012). The enzyme is situated within the lysosomes, structures in cells responsible for breaking down toxic substances. Inside the lysosomes, beta - hexosaminidase A assists in breaking down the fatty substance, GM2 ganglioside. Mutations in the HEXA gene disturb the activity of beta - hexosaminidase A, which stop the enzyme from…

Humans and bacteria have a unique relationship, which has both positive and negative outcomes on human beings. In fact, the human body’s surfaces are inhabited by numerous bacteria, known as normal flora (Hornef et al., 2002). These normal flora may act as commensals or be mutualistic, which means that they are either harmless or beneficial microorganisms (Cogen et al., 2008). However, serious invasive diseases, such as meningitis and septicemia are caused by several pathogenic bacteria (Hornef…

Peggy Fender is a 59 year old woman who appears to be an alcoholic as she has had many visits to the emergency department in the past. She arrives in the afternoon appearing intoxicated and complaining of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdominopelvic cavity. As Tim, the physician assistant proceeds with his examination he notices bruising on her arms legs and face. She is jaundiced and he notices the smell of alcohol on her breath. In addition, her liver and entire abdomen are…

P5 List of all cell features and functions: • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Cell membrane • Mitochondria • Ribosomes • Cell wall (Plant Cell) • Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth & rough) • Lysosome • Golgi Apparatus/body • Nucleolus • Vesicles A nucleus is like the brain of the cell, it is a large oval which controls the activities of the cell and the nucleus also contains genetic material (DNA). The nucleus also contains hereditary information. Most chemical processes and reactions, which are…

For the purpose of this report we will be focusing mainly on the base level of cells, and those of an animal. Within all organisms we find cells, they form the life blood of their being. Cells contain the blue prints for all life forms known as D.N.A. Cellular structure While complex, cellular structures can also be relatively simplistic in design. Each component of the cell plays a vital role, working together in harmony to provide life. Initially we must look at the cell membrane. The cell…

Nucleus: The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. It’s much like a blueprint that contains all of the instructions on building the body. It contains genetic material called DNA. This DNA has instructions for building proteins and is essential to cell reproduction. If a cell doesn’t have a nucleus for whatever reason will certainly die. The nucleus conforms to the shape of the cell so it could be oval or it could be spherical. The nucleus has three recognizable regions; the nuclear…

Microtubules, which are made of protein subunits called tubulin, are the thickest of all three cytoskeletal filaments. Microtubules are mainly serving as the paths along which vesicles are guided in their travels to various destinations, and are responsible for associating with motor proteins attached to the vesicles. Microtubules can also expand or shrink in length in order to establish dynamic structures that can efficiently change the internal organization of the cell, and capture organelles…

in harmony to keep the organism alive. For example, protein synthesis is commonly completed by the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus (Porth, 2015). Lysosomes work to remove unneeded substances from the cell. They are like the cleaner organelles that allow the cell to continue to function. Ballabio (2016) pointed out “The lysosome has also been found to be crucially involved in a variety of common disease conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, infection, obesity, and cancer”…

as actin) extend into the cytosol to help aid the process of phagocytosis (Reaven). The phagosome will then fuse with a lysosome to form the phagolysosome. The lysosomes are the cell’s digestive organelles (Karp 303). The lysosome contains at least 50 different hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolytic enzymes are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum, and are transported to the lysosome) and lysosmal enzymes (Karp 303). These two enzymes together can break almost all macromolecules (Karp 303). In this…

A membrane surrounds the lysosomes and it keeps the enzymes enclosed within it. Lysosomes contain powerful digestive enzymes, which helps to break down the material e.g. white blood cells. Ribosomes 3) Ribosomes are non-membrane- bounded particles that float free in the cytoplasm or it is usually attached…