Lysosome

How the human body works Cell membrane: A cell membrane is a thin layer that forms a semi- permeable barrier around the outer surface of the cytoplasm of the cell and controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. Nucleus: It contains DNA for making new cells and organisms and also controls the reaction in the cell. Chromosomes: Thread- like structures found in the nucleus of the cell which carry the genetic information Cytoplasm: The liquid gel which makes up a lot of the body of…

All cells are derived from pre-existing cells - through the process of meiosis and mitosis 4. In a multicellular organism, the activity of the entire organism depends on the total activity of its independent cells 3 Significance of technological advances to developments in the cell theory Assess the impact of technology including the development of the microscope on the development of the cell theory The development of cell theory has been heavily impacted by the improvement of technology. The…

Introduction: Viral infections can affect many things, including bacteria. When bacteria undergo infections from a virus that virus is called a bacteriophage. After a bacteriophage infects a bacteria it can create two different phases, the lytic or lysogenic cycles. During a lytic stage the bacteriophage causes death to the bacteria. When this happens on an agar plate covered in bacteria it creates a clear spot known as a plaque. Each plaque is created by one virus so from the number of plaques…

In Metaphor and Thought, Hugh Petrie and Rebecca Oshlag argue that “metaphor is one of the central ways of leaping the epistemological chasm between old knowledge and radically new knowledge” (Petrie and Oshlag 583). Scientists compare cognitive domains in order to apply widely “idealized cognitive models” to previously unexplained natural phenomena (Kövecses 173). In absorbing “truly new forms of knowledge and understanding,” learners construct, reject, and accept metaphorical comparisons of…

What are the nonpolar parts of a phospholipid? c. Tail group 4. This is the only polar portion of a cholesterol molecule and it forms hydrogen bonds with the polar heads of phospholipids. d. –OH group 5. This type of membrane protein will extend throughout the entire membrane touching both the Intracellular fluid and the Extracellular fluid. e. Integral proteins f. Transmembrane proteins g. Integral proteins and Transmembrane proteins Ans: D…

Nanoparticles (NPs) have piqued the interest of scientists because of their distinct physical, chemical and biological properties when compared to bulk material. These differences in characteristics can be attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio (SA:V) of NPs compared to bulk material. Since NPs have a higher SA:V than bulk material, they are more reactive than their bulk counterparts; therefore, the surface characteristics of NPs can be easily manipulated. (Xuefei et al, 2014) Metal NPs…

Km and Vmax determination of glucocerebrosidase towards p-NPG The Michaelis constant (Km) is a measure of the affinity of the enzyme towards the substrate, with smaller values representing greater affinity. Km and the maximum rate (Vmax) of leukocyte GCase were obtained through the Lineweaver-Burk plot (Figure 4) with artificial substrate p-NPG in concentrations from 0.71 mM to2.50 mM. Km and Vmax values for leukocyte GCase using p-NPG as substrate was found to be 12.6 mM and 333 U/mg…

Anatomy of cerebral cortex: Brain is most complex organ in human body. The ability of brain for its functioning normally is manifestation of various activities it takes participation in various activities of day to day life, being it hidden from the view or perceptible, like walking, smelling, thinking, laughing, speaking, and hearing. These manifestations are results of very coordinated and complex electrical and chemical activity within and between the cells those makes up our brain. Abnormal…

To determine optimal pH value for the hydrolysis of p-NPG by leukocyte GCase, we examined effects of variable pH (4.0-5.5) at a constant substrate concentration (5mM). Figure 1 shows the pH activity curves of leukocyte GCase assayed in the presence and absence of 6 mg per ml Sodium taurocholate. In the absence of the pure sodium taurocholate, the activity in the range of pH 4.0-4.8 was considerably lower. However, in the presence of pure Sodium taurocholate, leukocyte GCase was optimally active…

General Introduction Dietary lipids: Dietary lipids consist of a broad group of compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. Their density is lower than water and consistency varies from liquids to solids at normal room temperature, depending on their structure and function. They are also referred as ‘Oils’ which are liquid and ‘fats’ which are solid at room temperature. Lipids are the important constituents of diet due to their higher energy value. One gram of lipid…