Lysosome

Analyze the anatomical structure of ten different organelles in the cell and their respective functions. Chloroplast: Its main function is photosynthesis trapping energy from the sun and producing sugar from carbon dioxide. Its structure is made up of a double membrane system. They are known as the outer and inner membranes. The inner membrane surrounds the stroma and grana other words known as stacks of thylakoids (NCBI, 2016). Endoplasmic reticulum: Its main function is translation and…

Maria D. Rodriguez Investigation of the potential TNT transmission of α-syn between neurons in PD pathogenesis A.SPECIFIC AIMS Parkinson’s disease (PD) is defined on a molecular level as an abnormal level of Lewy-body formation, as well as the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia-nigra in the midbrain . The major protein component found in Lewy-bodies is α-synuclein. This protein is most commonly found in synaptic clefts of neurons in the brain. In familial cases, the excess…

Gaucher Disease In 1882 a French physician, Philippe Charles Ernest Gaucher, first discovered Gaucher disease in a 32 year old woman; she had a swollen liver and spleen. Gaucher disease is a genetic disease meaning it is an abnormality in an individual’s DNA. Gaucher disease (GD) is described as an inherited disorder known to affect many of the body’s organs, such as the liver, spleen, bones, bone marrow and in severe cases the brain. It is also the most common lysosomal storage disease.…

interaction between the LDL receptor and the LDL (Zhao and Michaely, 2011). At a neutral pH the LDL receptor is in an extended conformation and the acidic pH causes it to change to a compact conformation. One the LDL is released, it is degraded in lysosomes and the receptors are then sent back to the cell surface where they are recycled in order to repeat the process. This process and function of the LDL receptor occurs primarily in the…

The next topic a student should be schooled in is cells and cellular biology. While cells are the building blocks of all living organism, scientists have confirmed that there are actually different types of cells depending on the organism. The two main classes of organisms are the prokaryotes and the eukaryotes. The prokaryotic is the simpler of the two and are the one-celled organisms such as bacteria and archaea. The interior of a prokaryotic cell consists of a main nucleoid, which contains…

Insoo Cho Dr. Danzi Engoron BI356 Genetics Currently, there are more than 600 genetic disorders known, all caused by defective genes. Genetic disorders result from the accumulation of the harmful substance in the body or from an inability of the body to produce or utilize essential substances that influence development and function. Most of the time genetic disorders are passed down through family, however, sometimes they can also be due to gene mutation caused by a combination of both…

Genetically Modified Organism Everyday Usage What is your stance on genetically engineering organisms to contain better genes within agriculture? Over the past decades gene engineering has been a huge topic of discussion between the public. Questions have erupted on whether the benefits from GMOs (genetically modified organism) outway the problems and on whether it is morally right to modify creatures for humans satisfaction. With a little education one will find that gene manipulation should…

The assigned sequence was most closely matched via the BLAST algorithm with the retrieved sequence of Trypsin-1, accession no P07477.7 [1] (Appendix 1). Trypsin-1 is a 247 amino acid long protein [2] (Appendix 3) of the serine protease family, with a molecular mass of 26,558 Daltons [3] (Appendix 2). It is globular in shape and contains two regions of α-helices and multiple regions of β-sheets, as seen in Figure 1[4]. It contains disulphide bonds at residue positions 30/160, 48/64, 139/206,…

constantly. Phagocytosis is where the cell engulfs food or other molecules by extending pseudopodium and enclosing the molecules before pulling them into the cell. From there, the pseudopodium becomes a food vacuole and is digested after fusing with a lysosome. Endocytosis is where part of the cell membrane fuses with a vacuole to pull extracellular fluid and other molecules into the membrane. Exocytosis is almost the same as endocytosis, however the cell is expelling proteins and other…

Today I am going to the science lab because I was chosen to test a machine that would shrink any living organism to a microscopic size. I arrived at the lab and sat in a room with about 4 other test subjects. We were asked to change into these protective suits so we would be kept safe from any harmful substances. We were all told that we would be put into two groups the A and the B group. We would all be put into a Eukaryotic Cell if the machine worked to get a closer look at the organelles in a…