Lymphocyte

Sepsis was originally referred to as the presence of both suspected infection and two of the four criteria of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in 1992. (Sepsis) As terminology emerged and progressed, new terms were introduced like, “severe sepsis” and “sepsis shock”. (Tupchong) When sepsis becomes more serious, it refers when the body has an organ dysfunction thus the term “severe sepsis” being created. From 1993 to 2003, severe sepsis had doubled in patients with the disease.…

In the beginning of this chapter we are told that Schlichtmann ignored the Woburn case and focused on his busy life. He and Conway are still with Reed & Mulligan up until the case with a hotel fire, where Reed took all credit. Schlichtmann, Conway, and Crowley made their own firm aptly named Schlichtmann, Conway & Crowley. Schlichtmann, was obviously a very wealthy man and he was not afraid to show it. He did not want small cases, instead he wanted to deal with cases that promised great rewards…

In vivo, OLs do not exist as an isolated population. Rather, they formed a complex network with all the other major cells types in the CNS. Signaling between OLs and neurons, astrocytes and microglia have been reported plenty (Bastmeyer et al., 1991; Schwab and Schnell, 1991). To further assess whether the injury mechanism we observed in vitro faithfully reflects the real HIV pathogenesis in vivo, we used two models, a co-culture model where OLs are cultured on top of a mixed glial layer and a…

Carol is a 17-year-old patient who has been admitted to hospital. She has previously been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes, and has been suffering from this since the age of 7. Carol is 6 weeks pregnant, and is showing signs of dehydration, high blood glucose, weight loss and changes in mood. It is important to understand the underlying cause of Carol’s symptoms to eliminate any problems in both her babies and her own health. This can be done through critically analysing the pathophysiology of her…

Ataxia-Telangiectasia Synonym: Louis-Bar Syndrome Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disease and a rare inherited disorder caused by the inactivation of the ATM gene. It can affect many body systems, but the defects are mainly found in the nervous system and the immune system. The ATM gene is important because it encodes a kinase protein, which plays a key role in repairing DNA breakage (1). If the ATM gene is inactivated, there will not be enough ATM protein and DNA damage…

Multiple myeloma is a form of cancer that is caused by the formation of abnormal plasma cells, which become malignant. Plasma cells arise from B lymphocytes that are formed in the bone marrow; specifically the lymph nodes and spleen. When a foreign particle enters the body the immune system triggers an immune response which triggers B cells to produce plasma cells. The plasma cells make immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins are antibodies that attaches themself to the target antigen in order for…

Peace, Love, and Breastfeeding. When it comes to breastfeeding in public, mothers are always told to cover-up, to leave the premises to an area where they cannot be seen, or heard away from the rest of the public. Why is public nursing such a controversial issue in today’s society? Society has developed a overly sexualized view of breast that it has become a big issue when mothers make the decision to breastfeed their child in public. In most cases, mothers are even openly asked and sometimes…

different aspects of the body. Both the immune system and virus are fighting to break the balance, or equilibrium in your body. Now the vaccination might not even help weigh that balance, as the types of T-cells also come into play. A T-cell is a lymphocyte that plays a large roll in the thriving of the immune system. Creating a vaccine that won’t only over-dose on the amount of bacteria injected into your body, but also balances well with multiple body types is nearly too time consuming.…

Background MS (MS) is an auto immune disease which affects neurons of the central nervous system. A neuron consists of three main parts: an axon, dendrite, and a cell body. The axon is usually myelinated with a substance known as the myelin sheath, created by oligodendrocytes. This consists of twenty percent protein and eighty percent lipid. Each oligodendrocyte creates enough myelin to wrap around several axons. The periodic gaps between the neurons are known as nodes of Ranvier, where the…

INTRODUCTION Chronotherapy is the administration of drug or treatment according to the circadian rhythm of body that give maximum therapeutic effect and minimum adverse effects. Circadian rhythm control the biochemical process and functions of the body and environmental factors such as light, temperature, food intake can influence the circadian rhythm[1]. The pathological state of the disease condition have an observed rhythm for almost all diseases like asthma, cancer , hypertension etc. This…