Lymphocyte

Summary 1 This is a summary of article “Treatment of early multiple sclerosis: the value of treatment initiation after a first clinical episode” by DS Goodin and D Bates. In this article, Goodin and Bates defines Multiple Sclerosis as an autoimmune disease, (an inflammatory disorder of the CNS, in which the immune system attacks and eats away the protective covering of the neurons, known as the myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord, leaving multiple lesions). The damaged neurons cause…

Homework 4 1. A. Hcd19Tg is Human CD-19-Transgenic mice overexpressing CD19 which is a B-lymphocyte antigen present on all B cells. It is a transgenic model of human gene CD-19 introduced into the mice for research studying the effect of CD19 related to B-cell related immunological response B. CD1dloCD5+ is a rare phenotype of Regulatory B cells found in spleen of normal and autoimmune mice producing IL-10 and hence also called the B10 cells. As this phenotype is identifies to regulate T cell…

bacteria (1). By early adulthood host cells are outnumbered by microbial species by 100 fold (2). These microbes are far from neutral bystanders, and are suspected to influence the developing immune system in responses from cytokine balance, to lymphocyte responses, to antibody induction (3). In utero, mammals are essentially sterile, and colonization by these microbes begins at birth, and expands throughout life as the host is exposed to foreign organisms through their environment (4). Because…

Case study Amber W. Hendrix MMTC Author Note Case Study for RT 242 Respiratory Therapy Clinical II Peritoneal Tuberculosis I never got to speak directly to my case study. She was intubated when I first became aware of her case and she failed all attempts at weaning from the vent before she died. There was regrettably also a language barrier with the majority of her family as they spoke Haitian Creole which has roots in Portuguese, Spanish, Taino, and West African languages, which left me limited…

septicity with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses. In the retroviral family and which are considered lent virus genus. The pathophysiology of HIV creates innumerable cellular immune insufficiencies that are categorized by the weakening of helper T lymphocytes (CD4+ cells). The loss of CD4+ cells results in the maturity of unscrupulous toxicities and neoplastic processes (Bennett,…

Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) is a general term used to describe a diverse cluster of neuromuscular disorders and they are usually being inherited. They are caused by mutations of certain genes which results in respective defective proteins being generated. These defective proteins are usually involved in the direct or indirect stabilizing of the membrane of the muscle. This disorder involves symptoms like primary or secondary weakening of limb and axial muscles, muscle wasting and…

accordance to the stage at time of diagnoses, grade of tumour, and where it is located. Surgeries can remove a tumour or if needed, full bladder removal or urinary diversion if removal is not an option. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is cancer in the lymphocytes and is accountable for 4.4% of male cancer diagnoses and 3.6% of all cancers deaths in Canadian men. It is the fifth most common cancer in Canadian men. There is no single cause for NHL, but chances of getting it increases with age.…

It has been noted that during breeding season, sharks will fast for an extended amount of time, and live off of lipids stored in their livers. Sharks do not necessarily require mating in order to reproduce, this type of reproduction is referred to as “parthenogenesis”. Shark’s senses are highly developed, most particularly their sense of smell which allows them to detect a subtle smell to its exact source. Shark’s sense of sight and hearing, although not quite as developed as their sense of…

different types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, it is difficult to diagnose it correctly. Although there are a wide variety of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, they are very treatable and curable (Shankland, 2012, 848). A lymphoma is classified as a cancer in the lymphocytes, which help make up the immune system. Due to the many varieties of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and the different ways to diagnose them, identifying and finding the correct lymphoma can be quite difficult. The World Health Organization (WHO)…

Neisseria meningitidis is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults. Extrameningeal manifestations of Neisseria meningitidis infection are uncommon in normal children and are a consequence of invasion of the bacterium into the blood stream. We describe a case of IMD with meningoencephalitis, septic arthritis, myositis and pleural effusion who developed secondary fever and prolonged hospitalization. Case report: A 10-year-old boy previously healthy was referred from…