Lucky Ali

Samuel Beckett’s two-act tragicomedy Waiting for Godot depicts the endless wait of two homeless men, for a man named Godot. Their endless cycle of waiting and thus suffering continues and repeats itself until it is stopped by someone who instead of waiting for false hope, chooses to find this hope on their own terms. A key piece of the play that reflects this idea is the song that Vladimir sings in the beginning of the second act. A song about a dog that stole a piece of bread and thus beaten…

“A country road. A tree. Evening.” These stage directions preface Samuel Beckett’s tragicomedy “Waiting for Godot.” In the play, two men meet on this sparse, forlorn stage and attempt to make sense of their obscure world through encounters with mysterious characters and the prospects of finding purpose upon the arrival of a character they call Godot. The two men, Estragon and Vladimir, experience very little action or significant adventure in regards to the plot. Still, Beckett, regarded by some…

Primacy meets the conventions set up by Martin Esslin about the theater of the absurd. The repetitive and meaningless dialogue, confusing situations along with unrealistic plots each of these present in the play represent the makeup that consist inside the absurd theater. There are also other multiple ways that make up this play as absurd. One aspect of the absurd is that the plays are only limited in their setting along with what they do, and so is Primacy, “All the plays are restricted in…

The Fatimid Caliphate (ad-Dawlah al-Fāṭimiyya) was an Ismaili Shia Caliphate, it lasted from the year 909 to the year 1171 and eventually fell when its last Caliph (Al Athid or Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf ibn al-Ḥāfiẓ) died, making place for the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt and Syria under Saladin. The Fatimid Caliphate was the only Shi’a Caliphate, it was tied to the Ismaili branch of Shi’a Islam, the belief is centered around Isma’il, the son of Ja’Far As-Sadid, the sixth Imam and seventh…

The primary hagiographic story of ‘Aziz al Saksawiyya is the one found in the hagiographic work entitled Uns al-Faqir Wa izz al Hakir (the Intimacy of the Sufi and the greatness of the Denigrated) by the Sufi jurist ‘Abd al-Aziz ibn al-khatib who is known by the name of ibn Qunfudh (14th century). As we saw before this hagiographic record is a compilation of saints, Sufis and holy people belonging to Morocco and other Maghrebian countries. It includes only saints who were disciples of the axial…

This chapter, except for the section on the Hazaras in the early Ismaili literature, has already been published under the title of ‘The Shi‘a Ismaʿili Da‘wat in Khurasan: From Its Early Beginning to the Ghaznawid Era’, at the Journal of Shʿia Islamic Studies, 2015, Vol. VIII, No. 1, pp. 37-59. In several qaṣīdas of his dīwān (1956), Farrukhī praises Sulṭān Maḥmūd Ghaznawī as the King of Zāwulistān. For further details see, Baiza, Y. (2014) The Hazaras of Afghanistan and their Shiʿa…

the first grade. In Alramaqia school, I was gossiping with the other students about our teachers. We had a beautiful fair skinned teacher named ‘Aasha Jani. She was always well dressed and wore tight skirts to school. The boys were saying that she was having affairs with one of the students in her science lab. This was confirmed by one the boys who swore that he saw her from the lab’s window. I could not verify his account but the roamers continued about her and how she was flirtatious with the…

The symbolism of Mecca for Helen In the play (The road to Mecca by Athol Furgard faber and faber edition) In the play “The road to Mecca” by Athol Furgard is a character named Helen, also known as Miss Helen. In the play she creates her own Mecca in her yard. Mecca is a city in Saudi Arabia and it is a holy city to followers of Islam. People take this religious journey to deepen their experience with God. In this case Helen takes a spiritual journey and she does not physically go to Saudi…

Abu Bakr the first Rashidun caliph (r. 632–634), a member of the Taym clan and one of the Prophet's closest companions was the first adult male convert to Islam . A merchant and an expert on the genealogies of the Arab tribes, Abu Bakr came to be known as al-Siddiq, the one who trusts, a reference to the fact that he alone believed the Prophet’s story of his night journey to Jerusalem. Recognized even in Mecca as the foremost member of the Muslim community after Muhammad, he is credited with the…

people the Sunni and Shia. Split soon after the death of the prophet Muhammad over who should lead 3 the Muslim Community. They have co-existed for centuries and share many fundamental beliefs and practices. Shia claim the right to Ali, the son-in-law of the prophet Muhammad, and his descendants to lead the Islamic Community. Sunni venerate all the prophets mention in the Koran, but particularly the prophet Muhammad as the final prophet. From Lebanon to Syria to Iraq…