Logical positivism

Carnap and Karl Popper around mid-twentieth century. The Logical Positivism initially named the process of identification of science “verification”, which means it is only scientific when dealing with empirical results, theories or experiments that are verifiable. Rudolf Carnap has his own set of testability and meaning, for example, the verification was later reduced to confirmation, and eventually toned down to probability. In short, Logical Positivism’s criterions of demarcation thinks that…

Dualism established the base for positivism, which means that a logical thought based upon valid methods. Descartes advocated for a complete and precise natural science through a method that is analytical. This method involved rearranging broke up pieces in a logical order. Since the scientific revolution that positivism brought, subjects such as chemistry, astronomy, and physics prospered and defined science. Although this was critical for science, by adhering to the scientific method, it leads…

To place it with regards to mid twentieth century material science, a few researchers found the issues with ascertaining Mercury 's perihelion more upsetting than the Michelson-Morley analyze results, and some the a different way. Kuhn 's model of logical change varies here, and in many spots, from that of the coherent positivists in that it puts an upgraded accentuation on the individual people required as researchers, instead of abstracting science into an absolutely legitimate or…

the body (physical) and that they are two distinct substances. Moreover, it identifies a being immediately with their mind and only secondarily with their body. Logical Behaviorism is branch of philosophical behaviorism. Behaviorism, essentially, is the thesis that mental states, if they exist, are identical to behavioral states. Logical Behaviorism posits that descriptions of mental states are reducible to descriptions of behavioral states. So for example, to say someone is in pain is to say…

that traverses through three main activities: intelligence activity, design activity and choice activity. (Hucaynski and Buchanan 2001) have equated the rationality concept with scientific reasoning, empiricism and positivism and with the use of decision criteria of evidence, logical arguments and…

What’s the relationship between theories and the world to which theories meant to apply? Are there ultimate truth which can be obtained through a series of scientific validation and falsification? Is critical relativism appropriate for scientific research (marketing or consumer research in particular)? Those are some critical questions raised by this week’s readings that centered on the topic of rationality and relativism. Several authors provide different insights on answering those above…

elites, marxist theory provides for an answer in communism. In Marxist theory, society will ineluctably move in the direction of a proletariat revolution that will allow elitism to cease. What we can see in Pareto’s work is a disbelief in Comtian positivism and Marxism, because he inherently does not believe in social evolution and the fact that man can govern himself. Similarly, when Michels talks of an iron law of oligarchy, we can clearly see that there is an attempt to sociologically…

When planning a research proposal, it is important for a researcher to choose an appropriate research method to investigate the questions they wish to answer. The method the researcher choses is dependent on the type of research they are undertaking and usually falls under either qualitative or quantitative research, although in complex cases, a more mixed method may be required (Liamputtong, 2010, p. 9). This essay will define qualitative and quantitative research; discuss the epistemologies…

The positivist school of criminology derived from positive philosophy and the logical and methodology of empirical or experimental science. Positive philosophy emerged during a time of tremendous social change which occurred at the end of the time for Enlightenment thinkers, and it was an explicit repudiation or reaction to the critical and “negative” philosophy of Enlightenment thinkers. Two of the most recognizable figures of positive philosophy are Saint-Simon who fought in both the…

“Mathematics” is an open concept with many possible meanings. In Philosophical Investigations, Ludwig Wittgenstein(1992) talks about the variety of language games, and “mathematics” may operate in a huge number of such games. While mathematics as a research field includes a vast domain of unsolved issues and conceptions in development. Well-intended definitions, as suggested by classic positions within the philosophy of mathematics – where logicism describes mathematics as a further development…