Logical positivism

They aimed to answer questions about the nature of reinforcements and how behaviors become extinguished (O’Boyle, 271). Neobehaviorist are open to explanatory variables that may not be publicly observable, and this distinguishes them from behaviorists. Neobehaviorist accept the methods of logical positivism, which also differs from Watson’s positivist views. Positivism required that terms included within a body of research be publicly observable aspects of nature (O’Boyle, 267). Logical positivism allows the addition of theoretical terms as long as they are defined in publicly observable ways. During this time we see how historical developments, such as neobehaviorism, came to shape modern practices. According to Dr. Herdegen, there has been a back and fourth battle over the years in the study of learning. He states, we went from “more cognitive interpretations of learning mechanisms, to more behaviorally-based interpretations, back to more cognitively-based interpretations, and now on to explanations that focus more on underlying neurological mechanisms.” This illustrates the constant shifting of ideas of how learning should be…

explanations only being a declaration of sentiment. Comprehensively talking, the expression "expressivism" alludes to a group of perspectives in the rationality of dialect as indicated by which the implications of cases in a specific range of talk are to be comprehended as far as whatever non-psychological mental states those cases should express (Sias). On account of Ayer, his inspiration for protecting a form of non-cognitivism was moderately clear, since he clarifies in the Introduction of…

The logical positivists actively sought to reject metaphysics and other such groundless grandstanding as being utter nonsense and having no basis for being meaningful. This formed the basis of the verificationist theory of meaning (verificationism) which proposes that there ought to be a way to absolutely measure and assess a statement and whether what it is saying is applicable or apropos hinges on this verification. A J Ayers in Language, Truth and logic introduced verificationism and defines…

For example, if a researcher acquire an epistemological speculation accordant with post-positivism, then it is important for techniques with features that are authoritarian used to diminish the influence of a researcher. Such as member examine or inter coder agreement. However if the researcher assume a constructivist paradigm and highlight co-construction of recognition, then techniques focus at eliminate the research from the findings have a poor epistemological position (Denzin & Lincoln,…

The complexity that exists in today’s society and the impact felt by globalization and the evolution of intellectual property law of moved well passed it’s original legal intention. Multidisciplinary approaches allow for a continued isolationist approach through positivism, interdisciplinary approaches, while filling gaps existent between disciplines, still fall short of addressing the complex nature of IP. It is only in a transdisciplinary approach that we find a holistic measure of the impacts…

posting of selfies on social media. A positivist approach uses quantitative analysis to examine media and is focused on finding correlations between the variables of study. Positivism also possesses certainty as it deals with statistics and data. Positivist studies also have results that can be reproduced by others (Weber, 2004). Wickel (2015) used a 12-item survey as a method of collecting data, the questions helped determine whether selfies posting was a narcissistic act. This study’s research…

trying to find some sort of comfort in a rational explanation with tangible evidence. This paper will discuss the Roof case through the lens of a positivist criminologist by exploring empiricism, individual pathology, biological and environmental influences, and punishment. How can we begin to understand the crimes Roof committed that day? As humans, we start to ask ourselves questions like: How can a regular person like me go out and kill nine people in cold blood? How on earth did he think…

FORREST GUMP: THE USE OF HIS SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION The sociological imagination is the very foundation of the science of sociology and the understanding of the sociological aspects of the world around us. Forrest Gump is a perfect example of someone using their sociological imagination. The movie is based on Forrest telling strangers stories about his life. They were simple stories to him, but the movie viewers got a deeper look into his impact on society from the 1940s to the 1980s. Forrest…

The article International Interventions to Build Social Capital: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Sudan, written by Alexandra Avdeenko and Michael Gilligan, analyse community driven development (CDD) programs conducted in the post-civil war Sudanese communities. This analysis provides an interesting and relevant analysis of the effects of CDD programs, and more broadly, the effects of developmental aid in areas that have been devastated by civil war. It is important for this type of research…

has attracted attention among many legal theorists. This essay will begin by discussing John Austin’s Legal positivism. It will then discuss Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law. This essay will also distinguish between John Austin’s theory and Han Kelsen’s pure theory. Legal Positivism With a long history and broad influence, legal positivism, is discussed in mediaeval legal and political thought. Its roots lie in the conventionalist political philosophies of Hobbes, however, Jeremy Bentham, wrote its…