Logic

Cigarettes have been one of the leading cause for why so many lives have been ruin and damage. It has caused many deaths and still is at its all-time high. Doctors have stated that, “the reason behind the high deaths in people who are suffering form lung cancer is because many don’t know how to put the lighter down”. However, I believe that this ad I have chosen to use, made by NHC is calling for people to release themselves from smoking habits and get help, with the uses ethos, logos and…

In Plato’s, Five Dialogues, inklings of the Hobbesian notion of the social contract begin to assemble within the dialogue of Crito as the theory of tacit consent is explored. At the start of the dialogue, Crito proposes that Socrates should escape from Athenian prison with his assistance, however, Socrates is adamant against an attempted escape, arguing [from the polis’ perspective] that, “Whoever of you remains…has in fact come to an agreement with us [the polis] to obey our [the polis’]…

The term “environment” is a vague word used to frame the discussion of a broad issue without refining the topic. The conversation surrounding the environment can often get caught up in generalities which can quickly drive people towards crisis mode. McKitrick attempts to persuade his reader to cease talking about the environment as a single entity, and instead focus on the specific aspects that compose it. In Ross McKitrick’s essay “The Environmental Crisis”, he uses references to authority and…

In his work, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume creates an entirely new approach to human knowledge. Using this novel method of philosophy, Hume strives to apply the rigor of scientific methodology to philosophical reasoning. He achieves this through a crucial distinction between matters of fact and the relations of ideas, in which he asserts that experience alone is the only certain way to gain substantial knowledge of the world since ideas can be altered or manipulated by…

A.J. Ayer: An Expressivist Approach A.J. Ayer champions the notion of expressivism. He rejects that ethical judgment is either true or false, as cognitivist Moore maintains. Instead, he argues that moral statements simply express our attitudes about things in a non-descriptive manner and try to persuade others to share our own attitudes. Moral disagreement means a clash of different ideas and emotions. Ayer proves that moral statements are meaningless. Ayer first proposes that meaningful…

things are caused, and for this to happen they must be caused by something else, a 'causer' so to speak. This essay will assert the argument that whilst neither of these arguments are necessarily invalid, both of them are unsound, as although the logic itself has validity, the…

we slightly change our version in order to persuade our interlocutors. This attitude is crucial in rhetoric. Rhetoric, in fact, is the art of communicating using ethos, logos, pathos and kairos, three Greek philosophical concepts that mean ethics, logic, empathy and proportion respectively. Rhetoric, thus, is about communicating an opinion using every useful instrument in order to persuade the interlocutors of the validity of the thesis proposed. As previously affirmed, rhetorical…

“Dear Crappy Europe: I’m Glad You Hate America” the author of the article proclaims. Quite a bold statement to start an article with, most would agree. This particular article was pulled from the “Steven Crowder” website, known for its highly opinionated articles - many of which most would argue are more akin to rants - promoting extremely conservative views and giving social commentary. The website, as well as Crowder’s personal YouTube channel, have experienced phenomenal growth due to it’s…

any circumstances, and no one should ever want to danger the value of life. Ray was smart and did not argue against the interviewees, he just used their opinions against themselves to argue his point. Although it is easy for one to trust their own logic, it is not wise. Till, someone has wrestled with all of the implications of their decisions. It is unlikely that they have made sound and logical reasoning a priority. Ray comfort in his film 180, attempts to bridge the gap between simple and…

One weakness of the ontological argument is that its logic can let us say a lot of things exist by definition. You just have to imagine it in its most perfect form and then we can say logically that it exists by definition. This doesn’t happen so the argument is flawed and unreliable. E.g. a perfect beach…