Log mean temperature difference

Introduction section, Qhot oil= 15 kW, Qcooling water = 534 kW (SPRINT results) for vertical heat exchange should be the same, because utilities and temperature boundaries of the blocks remain constant. Table 4. Heat loads of generated heat exchange matches Block 1 (kW) Block 2 (kW) Block 3 (kW) H1. C1 37.244 H1.C2 254.760 H1.C3 271.996 44.000 4.000 H1.QW 15.000 H2.C1 42.756 H2.C2 277.240 H2.C3 40.000 QS.C1 519.996 QS.C3 14.004 QW – cooling water, QS – hot oil b) Criss-cross heat…

were placed into pre-massed chambers, 250 mL in volume. These were then massed to obtain the mass of the mice. Each chamber was placed into a water bath of particular temperatures. After being acclimated for 10 minutes, the O2 consumption of each mouse was measured and recorded using a LabPro data…

cream scoop and the amount sloughed off into the water around the scoop? The results supported the alternate hypothesis which stated that both the scoop and the water, when subjected to cavitation bubbles, would show a significant reduction or change of E. coli bacteria. All statistical analysis was completed using the results from a Tukey-Kramer test. Overall, the statistical alternate hypothesis (μ≠μ) was supported since the mean log of E. coli inoculated on the scoop decreased after the…

female mice (Mus musculus) depending on their body mass and temperature of their environment. Mice were first weighed and then placed into 250mL chambers. The aquatic environments surrounding the chambers were acclimated to temperatures of 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C and 30°C. The effects of temperature and mass on metabolic rate of the female mice were measured by monitoring the oxygen consumption in a specific time interval, using static respirometry. The data for several different groups was then…

Temperatures have a great effect on microorganisms. In the most general sense, bacteria can grow at any temperature between freezing point of water (32°C) and the point where proteins coagulate. Between these two high and low temperatures, each bacteria type has an optimum growth temperature. An optimal growth temperature is the point at which an organism grows best, with optimal cell metabolism. If temperatures creep past the maximum, bacteria are killed. If the temperature drops below the…

The heat exchanger design is an optimization engineering problem, to approach the best solution for sizing and selection of a heat exchanger and also to analyze its thermal performance. A properly sized heat exchanger should incorporate excess capacity to account for fouling that will occur during operation but too much oversizing results in higher manufacturing and installation costs. The most appropriate metric to describe the performance of a heat exchanger is its thermal capacity, which is…

The three objectives of this experiment were to determine the experimental and theoretical overall heat transfer coefficient, the effects of insulation, and the number of fouled tubes in the shell and tube heat exchanger. The flow rates of the hot water supply to the tubes and the cold water supply to the shell were varied, and temperatures for the hot inlet, hot outlet, cold inlet, and cold outlet streams were recorded. These temperatures were recorded for each of the three experimental…

(across the grain). Water movement along the grain is many times faster than across the grain. The MC in living trees (green MC) varies by species Differences between sapwood and heartwood also exist for hardwoods and softwoods. Hardwoods exhibit no green MC pattern between heart-wood and sapwood, species variation is extremely wide. Softwoods commonly have a heartwood MC near the FSP which is much lower than the MC of its sapwood. Next, The Fiber Saturation Point (FSP) is the point at which…

the sea) with tools that can measure the atmosphere and give us information about the upcoming weather; the information they collect are: temperature, wind speed, humidity, and wind direction and this is how weather forecasters take their information. Weather forecasting can predict how the weather is going to be by measuring the present weather, however, there are disadvantages and advantages for this:  Advantages: 1. We can dress according to the weather 2. We will be warned or notified…

results using method one of standard plate counting and method two using the spectrophotometer to record optical density. Both groups found that as time increases, the amount of colonies in the culture increase as well. Figure 1: E. coli growth observance at two different temperatures using the SPC method of counting colonies in a sample saline plate. According to the graph above, showing the colony forming units per millimeter in logarithmic form at each different time interval, the growth of…