Local anesthetic

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a cultural practice that removes part or all of the female external genitalia. FGM/C can also be an injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons (“FGM”). FGM/C usually is performed on a female child between the ages of four and eight years old (Costello 2). In other cases this procedure is done during the 1st week of life, at prepuberty or just before marriage (Costello 2). FGM/C is dehumanizing and should be stopped. Culturally it may…

Animals are used by humans for a wide array of purposes. The 260 or so million people that live in the United States keep about 110 million dogs and cats as pets. Each year, more than 5 billion animals are killed in the United States as a source of food. Animals are used for transportation, sport, recreation, as well as companionship. Animals are also an instrumental part of learning about living things and the illnesses that affect both humans and animals. By studying animals, information is…

Trayvon Martin and Eric Garner, names people have all come to know because of the fight they have both lost individually due to being African American. The issue of racism against African Americans has become problematic, but none more so than in the medical field. The medical field has been set up in numerous ways to discriminate against African Americans. Using tools to score people of color low on medical exams, infecting people with diseases that often ended in death, and even taking…

Adam Rai Ms. Cayabyab Chemistry H Cocaine Report Cocaine is a chemical compound consisting of seventeen carbon, twelve hydrogen, one nitrogen, and four oxygen. It comes from the coca plant and is used as a local anesthetic for medical uses, but is more often used as a highly addictive street drug. It has a mood elevating affect by releasing dopamine in the brain, which in turn makes it a highly addictive drug. Cocaine is also referred to as blow, coke, crack, rock, and snow, it has these many…

This is a 70 year old female who denies PMHx of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout and STI’s presenting with pain and edema in the posterior left elbow for 2 weeks. Physical exam revealed a mildly tender, fluctuant mass on the posterior elbow. There were no signs of septic bursitis such as fever, erythema, warmth or purulent drainage. The patient had normal sensation to light touch, normal muscle tone, full range of motion and 5/5 strength in the elbows bilaterally. Physical exam of…

This type of irresponsible breeding also leads to the local shelters that are crowded with unwanted dogs. When a dog or puppy is adopted from a shelter, the shelter ensures the dog leaves their facility spayed or neutered. If the dog is not the appropriate age to undergo surgery then this is agreed upon through…

We encounter it every day in supermarkets, in fast food restaurants, and even in movie theaters. Factory farming is a major agricultural crisis brewing for the last twenty or more years, but today consumers have options to help stop it. While the food industry profits from animal cruelty and massive pollution, ordinary farmers are sunk further into debt. The livestock are loaded with chemicals and antibiotics, thus making it unhealthy for humans to eat. Finally, the food industry is defiantly…

line analgesic choice for women with uncomplicated births in labor lasting less than 24 hours. There is evidence that suggests N2O should be avoided in patients undergoing major surgeries, such as a cesarean section, not only because it is a weaker anesthetic, but because it also decreases the amount of oxygen that is inspired. This has shown to increase post-operative complications such as infection in patients given nitrous oxide for surgeries (Myles, Leslie, Chan, Forbes, Paech, Peyton,…

Elizabeth Piatt is professor of sociology and has a PhD in medical sociology. She is mostly interested in exploring racial inequalities in physical and mental health. In february 2015, her article, “Navigating Veronika: How Access, Knowledge, And Attitudes shaped My Sister’s Care”, Piatt discusses how there is minimal conversation between a patient and the healthcare professionals and the attitude that healthcare professionals have towards poor patients. She also addresses how socioeconomic…

Interestingly, the brain itself has no pain receptor, so we can electrically stimulate conscious patients under local anesthetic. The behavioral neuroscience is eagerly aided by the advent of increasingly sophisticated technologies to examine functional traffic of the brain. Despite the progress, the electrical stimulation of points of the brain failed to uncover dormant…