Liver

Carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is also known as malignant hepatoma. It is the most common type of liver carcinoma. What Are The Risk Factors? The major risk factors include cirrhosis and underlying liver diseases. Cirrhosis may be caused by alcohol abuse, Hepatitis B/C virus infection, autoimmune liver diseases, chronic liver inflammation, and hemochromatosis. Some of the underlying liver diseases, which commonly manifests into HCC are: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection, Hepatitis C…

Background Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), also known as an autoimmune liver disease, damages the bile ducts within the liver. In the body the ducts play an important part in digestion because they carry fluid away from the liver. Over time the pressure builds up from the fluid causes the cirrhosis of the liver. The destruction of the bile ducts can have early symptoms such as fatigue, itchy skin, and jaundice. Prevalence/Incidence Primary Biliary Cirrhosis is mostly found in women…

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. There are five forms recognized they are A, B, C, D, and E. Some forms of hepatitis are sudden and brief and others can be chronic (Hepatitis). Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of liver disease in the United States and the world (Jenkins). Hepatitis is usually caused by a viral infection, but there can be other causes these include autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of medications, drugs, toxins, and alcohol.…

bile duct and cystic artery (Nagral, 2005). Venous drainage of the gallbladder drains into the right portal vein of the liver, while lymphatics drain into nodes of the porta hepatis and the cystic node of Calot’s triangle (Nagral, 2005; Ellis, 2011). The gallbladder, which is part of the biliary system, primarily functions to receive, concentrate and store bile produced by the liver. which used to assist the breakdown and absorption of fat in the digestive system (Drake et al., 2009). When food…

Copper Storage Disease Bedlington terriers with high liver values, necrotizing livers, lethargy, vomiting, ascites, icterus, and abdominal pain can all describe the devastating news of the Copper Storage Disease. Pets with this disease are infected for the rest of their life and can even give this disease to their offspring. However, there is hope! With special diets, vitamins, supplements, medication, and love and care, pets with this disease can still have a life with their family and loved…

Greed has caused many problems throughout American history. You can trace American greed from the beginning days when the colonists took land from Native Americans to owners of meatpacking companies forcing their employees to work in horrible conditions in the Progressive Era. One of the most prominent examples of greed in modern day United States is the issue of organ donation. Mahatma Gandhi once said,”There is a sufficiency in the world for man’s need but not for man’s greed.” Organ donation…

The Alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract is made up of all the organs which food passes through during digestion. Starting from the mouth, where saliva is produced protecting the teeth and chemically breaking down food molecules and teeth are used to mechanically chew food from larger molecules to smaller molecules. Food is then passed through the Pharynx. The Epiglottis in the Pharynx, is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea to prevent food from entering the lungs, thus directing…

The family waited patiently for an updated report on Helen; the doctors informed the family that she would have to be on a pulmonary hypertension pump the rest of her life to stay alive. Furthermore, the family was informed that she would need a liver…

the bloodstream. they are visible a small, Circle the groups of cells that stain less darkly than the surrounding acinar cells. Liver lobules:The liver consist of hepatocytes organized into hexagonal plates of cells called liver lobules. At the end of each lobule is a central vein that will eventually drain into the hepatic veins. at each of the six corners of a liver lobule we find three small vessels collectively called portal triads. The three vessels are: 1. bile duct 2. Portal vein 3.…

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, is one of the dreaded complications of chronic liver disease. Recent experimental and clinical studies have revealed the pivotal role played by the alteration of gut-liver axis in the onset of chronic liver diseases, including HCC. Altered gut microbiota and endotoxemia are increasingly recognized as critical components in promoting the procession of chronic liver diseases and the development of HCC. Probiotics have…