Liver function tests

Operative Management of Portal Vein/SMV Trauma: Can We Just Ligate Case Scenario: A 21-year-old male presented to the emergency department after he was stabbed in the abdomen. On examination, his vital signs were significant for a systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg, heart rate of 120 beats per minute, and a right upper quadrant stab wound. Given the concern for intra-abdominal bleeding, he was taken to operating room for exploratory laparotomy. The patient had a large right zone 1…

BIOLOGY: THE SEARCH FOR BETTER HEALTH RESEARCH ASSESSMENT - HEPATITIS B OVERVIEW OF HEPATITIS DISEASES Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver (In Latin, hepatitis means “of the liver”) caused either by a toxic substance (viral infection from direct damage e.g. alcohol) or bacterial and viral infection. Hepatitis is a family of viral infections that damage the liver; most common types are Hepatitis A, B and C. About 500 million people globally are infected by one of six hepatitis viruses.…

include shaking, headache, diarrhea, constipation, nausea/vomiting (N/V), stomach upset, loss of appetite, insomnia, tingling and swelling of the extremities. In kidney transplant patients, 30% or more side effects are infection, HTN, abnormal renal function, constipation, diarrhea, N/V and insomnia. A very rare disease which is usually presented in Tacrolimus induced immunodeficiency is Progressive Multifocal Leucoencaphalopathy (PML). We came across one such case which was initially suspected…

Between thirty to fifty million Americans are considered to be lactose intolerant. Lactose intolerance is a common chronic digestive disorder in which a person’s intestinal tract lacks the ability to make lactase. It results from a drop in or disruption of the production of lactase in the small intestine. The small intestine is a primary part of the digestive system, and is the longest part of the gastrointestinal tract and makes up about three quarters of the digestive system. It is a hollow…

The Alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract is made up of all the organs which food passes through during digestion. Starting from the mouth, where saliva is produced protecting the teeth and chemically breaking down food molecules and teeth are used to mechanically chew food from larger molecules to smaller molecules. Food is then passed through the Pharynx. The Epiglottis in the Pharynx, is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea to prevent food from entering the lungs, thus directing…

hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, cirrhosis of any cause including environmental toxins, alcohol abuse, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hereditary hemochromatosis or alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency among others. There has been significant increase in the rate of HBV- and HCV-related HCC[1]. Liver cirrhosis is the most important pre-malignant lesion of HCC, but HCC can occur in non-cirrhotic patients too, with the predominant risk factor being HBV…

The digestive system of a dog is composed of; the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines but also requires help from organs such as the pancreas, and liver. The digestive systems roles are: digesting of food absorbing of nutrients Dog's digestive systems work differently to that of a human, for instance the digestion process begins in the stomach for dog's and in the mouth for humans. It is important for owners to have some idea of how the digestive system…

Cholesterol is made from the liver. It is one type of lipid or fat present in the membrane of cells in the body. It is normally carried in the blood by one type of molecules known as lipoproteins. You will realize that high levels of cholesterol causes atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD).Cholesterol is a white, crystalline and fat-like substance that is often in animal food products and tissues. Cholesterol is used in repairing cell membranes, producing hormones and vitamin D. It…

The cirrhosis is a condition where the normal liver tissue are replaced by scar tissue after being damage causing the remaining liver tissue to lose its normal arrangement. Alcoholism, viral hepatitis B or C, inflammation of the liver in long-term (chronic) and iron overload in the body are common risk factors that linked to cirrhosis. Viral…

Image analysis Liver and splenic attenuation measurements in HU were obtained by averaging two 1.0±0.1-cm2 circular region-of-interests (ROIs) placed above and below the main portal vein plane in both the unenhanced and portal venous phase contrast-enhanced images of each patient. To avoid partial-volume averaging effect, special care was taken to avoid measurements from vessels, focal lesions, areas of artifact, or near the edge of organ. Furthermore, only measurements from the posterior half…