Lithium pharmacology

Development and evaluation of an antimicrobial formulation containing the essential oil of Thymus fontanesii Boiss. & Reut . Mebarki Noudjoub , Nabiev Mohamed2, Chader Henni3, Ziane Henifa4, Fazouane Fethia1 1 Food Technology Research Laboratory, FSI, M’hamed Bougara University, Boumerdès 35000, Algeria 2 Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Process Engineering, FHC, M’hamed Bougara University, Boumerdès 35000, Algeria 3 National Laboratory of Control of Pharmaceuticals Products (NLCPP)…

Since the beginning of time humans have been using psychoactive substances. The reasons behind substance drug use vary from person to person and change century to century. There are five historical categories in which substance drug use fall into: basic need to cope with their environment, brain chemistry, involvement of the ruling class or government, technological advances in refining synthesizing and manufacturing drugs, and lastly the development of faster more efficient methods of…

Recent work done: Preparation of Fluconazole b-Cyclodextrin Complex Ocuserts: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation Hindustan Abdul Ahad and et. al. developed ocuserts containing fluconazole b- cyclodextrin. Erodible inserts • The solid inserts absorb the aqueous tear fluid and gradually erode or disintegrate. The drug is slowly leached from the hydrophilic matrix. • They quickly lose their solid integrity and are squeezed out of the eye with eye movement and blinking. • Do not have to be removed…

SOLUBILITY AND DRUG SOLUBILIZATION 2.1 SOLUBILITY Solubility is commonly related to the bioavailability of the compound of interest,particularly for poorly soluble compounds. Administration of a drug in any dosage form, except solution involves a dissolution step.It is necessary that the drug present in the dissolved state at the site of absorption then only it can be absorbed. It must be soluble in and transported by the body fluids, transverse the required biologic membrane barriers, escape…

SEARCH FOR AN H2-RECEPTOR HISTAMINE ANTAGONIST In the beginning of the 20th century, Histamine was discovered. Subsequent studies proved that histamine was the principal mediator of the inflammation and the shock. Antihistamines were used by the pharmacologists to identify various actions of the histamine in the different tissues. Several actions of histamine had been noted that could not be specifically antagonized by these drugs: for example, the stimulation of the gastric acid secretion in…

1.5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 1.5.1 Phytoconstituents of Enicostemma littorale Blume and its medicinal properties Enicostemma littorale Blume contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, catechins, saponins, sterols, triterpinoids, phenolic acid flavonoids and xanthones. Thse secondary metabolites exhibit various biomedical properties like anti-inflammatory [29] and anticancer [30] properties. Aqueous extract of E. littorale in alloxan induced diabetic rats was also reported to possess…

Biopharmaceutics This is the in-vivo or in-vitro study of various physiochemical factors including developmental and design factors affecting the rate and extent of drug absorption with regards to the pharmacological effect of the drug. Biopharmaceutical studies use this result to improve likely problems that could arise from poor drug absorption and increase the bioavailability of newly formulated drugs. The main purpose of biopharmaceutical studies is to increase, monitor and maintain the rate…

as depicted in Fig. 3. Step 1 the synthesis of 6-Trifluoromethyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2) from the starting material 2-trifluoromethyl-pyridine (1), dropwise addition into a reaction vessel containing diethyl ether, hexane, to which n- butyl lithium and dimethylaminoethanol was previously added dropwise under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture obtained is adjusted to pH with HCl and washed with…

1) Anila K N and Emmanuel J (2013 A) conducted a study on Impact of a clinical pharmacist in improving knowledge on cardiology out patients about anticoagulants, in AIMS health care campus, Kerala. In this study the interventional group received an additional care by the clinical pharmacist and was compared with a controlled group which received only the usual care of the physician. At the end of the study it was found that the patient’s awareness of the INR values is correlated with improved…

Introduction: Sildenafil Citrate (API) is more commonly known by its trade name, Viagra. The drug was discovered by Pfizer. It is used to treat penile dysfunction in men. The drug was firstly created in the 1990’s and was to be used as a treatment for high blood pressure, angina and chest pain. During Trials it was discovered that the drug had insignificant effect on angina. In turn an unexpected side-effect was discovered. The drug gave men a penile erection and sustained it for a period of…