Liquid-liquid extraction

Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Nature of the Dissertation Identification, quantification and analysis Amoxicillin and Flucloxacillin Sugar free antibiotics which are manufactured at Athlone Laboratories by high liquid fluid chromatography (HPLC). The project also involves Method Transfer validation by analysis Amoxicillin Sugar Free for the new project of GSK Mayenne France, this involved Identification, quantification and analysis of carrying Amoxicillin Trihydrate API and Sodium Benzoate in…

Demonstrate the process of extraction and purification by obtaining crude caffeine from a tea bag. Procedure: Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Leaves One tea bag was obtained and weighed. A 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask was acquired with 0.3 grams of sodium carbonate. The tea bag was placed inside the flask with 100 mL of water and the 0.3 grams of sodium carbonate. Then, a boiling chip was added to the flask and the flask was placed on a hot plate. Sodium carbonate was added to the flask because it…

first isolated in its crystal form by pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner in 1817. Because of the pain relief effects of the opium poppy, many chemists were attempting in the decade beforehand to extract what was later to be called morphine. With the extraction of morphine also was a milestone as it was the first alkaloid to be isolated. Since its discovery its use has become widespread both as a painkiller, for its recreational effects, and was once thought to be a cure for opium and alcohol…

of the oily sludge. The oily sludge was heated with benzene(solvent) which co-distilled with the water in the sample in a fume cupboard .Condensed solvent and water were continuously separate and the water settled as the bottom layer. The condensed liquid containing water and hydrocarbon was transferred to a graduated cylinder. A water layer with higher density was at the bottom of the cylinder. The volume of the water was then used in calculating the water content in the sample (using the…

flask. A diethyl extraction was used to remove the lower aqueous layer of the product after the potassium iodide starch test. This removes unreacted diol and leftover acids. Later an aqueous extraction method is using to remove the organic ether layer, therefor leaving the unknown organic product behind in the test tube. Magnesium sulfate will dry out any organic layer, so an oily product will remain in the test tube. The method uses to identify the product and the reactant is the liquid…

Other process units significant in the overall material balances and design were the starch extraction, starch hydrolysis, and adsorption units. Material Processing Details The material feedstock comprises of roughly 6250 kg/h of potato waste, which is put through the starch extraction unit in order to isolate the 18% by mass of starch contained within the potato feed. The mass of usable starch after extraction was calculated to be 1125 kg/h. In addition, the mass of water was calculated to be…

upto 10%, followed by evaporation or solid phase extraction to remove the acid. PEGylated proteins of larger sizes, with molecular weight of 40-50 kDa, possess a unique hydrophobicity which allows their precipitation. The PPT step denatures the proteins and removes matrix effect causing componenets. The precipitated proteins are then digested using trypsin and the analysed using LC-MS. • Solid phase extraction (SPE) : This method is used for extraction of small peptides or digested peptides.…

doxepin for spiked dollar bills. The two extraction methods were liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction. This lab had some difficulties due to the less than ideal separation the of cocaine and doxepin peaks on chromatograms. The proposed idea was to change the parameters used in the GC/MS instrument to possibly obtain better separation. The part of that lab that would be specifically focused in on is the solid phase extraction. This extraction involves an elution step involving…

Results and Discussion Rather than using organic solvent extraction, CO2 extraction was used to separate D-limonene, a component of orange oil, from orange rinds. CO2 extraction is considered a “green” experiment because it is nonflammable, relatively nontoxic, readily available, and environmentally benign. Considering that there is not a high concentration of limonene in the rinds, the experiment was successful and yielded 1.04 percent limonene relative to the mass of the rinds. The 13C…

an environment where the different DNA strands could gather, and clump making it easier to see them. After that, cold ethanol was added to the fruity filtrate. By doing this, we saw that the alcohol precipitated the DNA out of the liquid while the rest of the liquid remained in solution. We were able to see the clear gooey DNA strands in the alcohol layer as well as between the two layers. We discovered the alcohol allowed the DNA fragments to stick together once again and create a blob of DNA…