Liquid-liquid extraction

Interpretation and Evaluation: Rinsing Process: When performing a volumetric analysis all equipment to be used must be washed with deionised water. This is done in order to remove anything that contaminate your solution and have an effect on the results. It is important that deionised water is used and not regular tap water, this is because tap water could itself contains many unwanted impurities such salts, other solids and bacteria. If these were to contaminate the solutions to be used it…

On Tuesday, February 11, 2014, workers at a fracking well were about to begin a safety meeting at a fracking well site. The three wells on the site were drilled and ready to produce fresh natural gas. The wells were owned and operated by Chevron Appalachia, in Dunkard Township, Pennsylvania, of southwest of Pittsburgh. One of the wells was making a hissing noise. The hissing noise was methane escaping from a damaged well. The well exploded while one of the workers, Ian McKee, was investigating…

The melting point is the temperature at which a solid precipitate changes into its liquid form upon heating. It also helps when determine which isomers predominate. The experimental melting point of the E-stilbene was 242 degrees Celsius. The actual melting point of the E-stilbene was 241 degrees Celsius. This verifies that the predominating isomer is meso indicating that the cyclic intermediate remained. Therefore, almost no error occurred within the reaction since the two melting points are…

Procedures Independent Variable An independent variable is a variable that remains unchanged and stands alone. My independant variable is each hand cleaning product used. Organic Care orange and ginger antibacterial hand wash, Palmolive antibacterial liquid soap, Dettol hand wash - foam and Dettol hand sanitiser. Dependent Variable A Dependent variable is a variable that is being measured in the experiment. My depenedent variable is the rate of bacteria deterioration (zone of inhibition).…

Is hydraulic fracturing ruining your life? Hydraulic fracturing is also known as fracking. It is the process of extracting natural gases and petroleum. The gases are contained in rock formations underground. So to get them out they use a mixture of sand, chemical, and water at high pressure to trap the gases. This process has been used since the 1940s, but has recently had some of the process upgraded to save money. Proponents of hydraulic fracturing want hydraulic fracturing to be expanded,…

The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the molar mass by using the freezing points of the two solutions. Colligative properties were used in calculations during this experiment to discover the molar mass of an unknown solute. These properties are subsequently applied to solutions depending on the amount of particles of the solute and the solvent inside the solution. In this lab, we focus on the freezing point depression, which can be seen when a pure solvent is added to or mixed with a…

During this lab, I compared the properties of both regular and light margarine, before and after melting. First, we took both of the margarine samples and put them in a hot water bath to melt them. This separated out the components within them- making it easy to measure their percentage value. I found the regular margarine to be made up of 14.5% solids, 64.2% oils, and 21.3% water. Next, I used the same method as before, and found the percentage of each component of the light margarine to…

questioned why honey had a slower flow than water. This is a liquid’s resistance to flow and that is otherwise known as viscosity. This a concept that people would call thickness of a liquid. It makes sense that the thicker the liquid the viscosity would be greater. Viscosity describes the friction of a moving liquid. A liquid with high viscosity resists motion due to the fact its molecular composition gives it a lot of friction inside. A fluid with lower viscosity flows with ease because its…

Emulsions are mixtures that contain two or more substances that cannot combine to make homogenous mixtures. One of the liquids contains dispersions of the other substances. The emulsions are formed from shaking the substances vigorously to counteract the different densities of the substances. The extra substances added to the emulsions beside water and oil are refered to as emulsifiers. The emulsifiers are substances added to keep the oil from separating completely from the water. Emulsions are…

Discussion: In sample, B there was 16% salt, which is unnaturally higher than the global average of 3.5%. When I asked about the reason of this, I found that the water was artificially created. This was also the case of Sample, A which had 9% of salt. That is about 3x the amount of salt from the global average. All though this is not an experiment with data, that we can apply to real life, it was still great fun to do the experiment and the lessons I learnt will stick with me for a long time.…