Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Kapp, Maurer, Auwärter, Winkelmann, and Hermanns-Clausen (2011) describe a case of a 25-year-old male who developed jaundice and pruritus after ceasing to ingest Kratom. The patient had been using Kratom acquired “via the Internet (www.thai-kratom)” for two weeks (Kapp et al., 2011, para. 3). On the second day after having quit taking the Kratom powder the man began experiencing subjective fever and chills. Restlessness and insomnia was also reported by the patient, possibly signalling…

Discussion Overall, the method created for the determination of riboflavin via fluorescence has potential to provide useful information regarding the starting concentration of riboflavin as well as the consumption rate of the vitamin in media, when analyzed at different activation times. The decrease in riboflavin over time makes sense as the bacteria and archaea in the media use the vitamin as a cofactor in the digestion of cellulose as well as with other sugars and fats. (2) The The LOD and…

cells grown in medium containing sorbital and betaine. Ferritin synthesis was induced in mid-log cells using isothiopropyl thiogalactoside (IPTG), and the soluble ferritin was isolated, after sonication of the bacterial cells, by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) on a Fast Q-Sepharose matrix. Protein purified to homogeneity was sterilized by filtration through a 0.45 µm membrane and stored at 4 °C for less than 1 week before mixing with…

Glyphosate is a chemical which is widely used as a systemic herbicide in many of the most popular commercially available weed killers. Notably, perhaps the most popular and often used of these products is Monsanto’s Round Up which has become a staple of farming in the United States as well as many other countries over the past several decades. However, the overuse of glyphosate based herbicides has led to its decreased effectiveness and has forced many farmers to look elsewhere for weed…

Introduction Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill belongs to the family Cactaceae. Its globally common name is the sweet prickly pear locally is called Albarshom. It has widely international spread. Firstly, Opuntia ficus-indica has founded Central America (Mexico). And later the species have been introduced to many areas of savanna regions and inhibit South Africa, Asia, and Australia as an ornamental, for camel feed (Brutsch and Zimmermann, 1993) and for its delicious fruits as food for humans,…

Nutrition Minerals and vitamins are essential for the regular functioning of mostly all metabolic processes in ruminants. Dietary deficits or extremes of certain minerals and vitamins can influence in major financial losses in animal productivity. Several guidelines have been published by national organizations that recommend variable amounts of vitamin D intake.61 The reference values (Dietary Reference Intakes) for vitamin D were established in 1997; however, novel reference values were…

A small burette funnel was filled with column packing solvent at mobile phase, high boiling petroleum, in this case hexane (and then 10%acetone hexane mixture), and Alumina as stationary phase. When adding the sand and the alumina they have to be first mixed with the hexanes in order not to disturb the column. The Lycopene is Red- Orange and more attracted to alumina due to its high degree of Unsaturation, which can be expected to be eluted after Yellow-Orange Carotene pigments. And the other…

wheat kernels in 150 μm sieve; Wwheat in 75μm sieve = weight of wheat kernels in 75 189 μm sieve; Wpan = 190 weight of empty pan; and Wmaize meal = weight of maize flour. 191 Determination of Crude Protein 192 The crude protein content of the roasted maize was determined in duplicate by Dumas combustion 193 method as described in AACCI Approved Method 46–30.01 (AACC, 1999) using a Leco, model 194 FP-528 (Leco Africa, Kempton Park, South Africa). Calibration of the instrument was done using 195…

Introduction Tobacco use is one of the major threats to human health which kills nearly 6 million people each year with an estimated 8 million deaths in the year 2030. More than 2,500 chemicals are found in tobacco and its smoke, among which terpenoids and alkaloids are the major groups [1]. Though there is clinical uncertainty about the carcinogenic property of nicotine, evidences have proved nicotine as the main psychoactive agent responsible for the development of tobacco dependence [2, 3].…

OJ Simpson - actor, athlete, and killer. After the brutal murder of his ex-wife, police were sure the evidence would convict him. However, numerous mistakes were made in the collection and handling of evidence. This was not enough to derail the investigation, OJ was clearly still the culprit, but it was enough to place doubt in the juror’s minds. If the evidence had been collected and handled correctly, Simpson would have gone to jail for his misdeeds. Orenthal James Simpson, or OJ for…