Link budget

d = a + b - c Receiver (BS) Thermal noise density in dBm/Hz -174 Base station receive noise figure F in dB 3 Receiver noise power in dBm -105.15 e Interference margin in dB 4.5 f Total effective noise and interference in dBm ? g = e + f Processing gain in dB 25.8 h Target Eb/No in dB 8 i Receiver sensitivity in dBm ? j = i - h + g Base station antenna gain in dBi 12 k Base station losses in dB 2 l Shadowing margin in dB 8 m Fast fading margin in dB 2 n Soft/softer handover gain in dB 4 o Total losses and gains in dB ? p = k - l - m - n + o Maximum allowed propagation pathloss Lp in dB ? q = d - j + p Cell range d in Km ( Lp = κ + 10γ log10 d) ? (a) Why do we use the link budget analysis for? (b) What are the interference margin, shadowing and fast fading margins? (c) What is soft/softer handover? And why is it considered a gain? (d) What is the receiver sensitivity? 2 (e) What is the receiver noise figure? How do we determine it? (f) Determine the maximum allowed pathloss and the resulting cell…

1. I use this lesson to help students prepare for the world after high school by assisting them in understand the purpose of creating and following a budget. 2. The object is to help students create, understand, and use a budget now that they are leaving high school and moving on to their next stage in their life. 3. 12.3.3 Describe the aims of government fiscal policies (Taxation, borrowing, spending) and their influence on production, employment, and price levels. 4. (Augmentation)…

Introduction The Detroit Employment Solutions Corporation (DESC http://www.descmiworks.com/) is a workforce solution group for the city of Detroit which stems from Michigan Works!. This organization aids employers in the City of Detroit, with finding potential employees and job seekers to hire. DESC receives its funding from the federal government. Funds received from the federal government can only be used for programs and initiatives that are outlined by the Office of Management and Budget.…

is authorization, this makes managers accountable for their actions/spending and helps prevent fraud in an organisation (Atrill, McLaney, 2011). For an organisation it is important to make the right choice between a centralised control of the budget, where the organisations overall aspirations are at the heart of any decision making, or to delegate the responsibility to subordinates who will have a better understanding of their local environment. Usually a mixture of centralised and delegated…

1. How are public budgets prepared? Preparing public budgets include a five step process known as "The five clusters of decision making." The first in this process is titled the revenue cluster. "Revenue decisions includes technical estimates of how much income will be available for the following year, assuming no change in the tax structures, and policy decisions about changes in the level or type of taxation." Second, the budget process. The budget process includes numerous questions…

After setting the objectives of the action plan, it may be necessary to revisit the action plan prior to lock down, because recent research confirms that the general opinion among executives is that the budget has several drawbacks (Libby & Lindsay, 2007). For instance, it is too time consuming compared to the value it contributes to the business, and it is based on unsupported assumptions and guesswork that are already out of date (Libby & Lindsay, 2007). The budgeting process and the…

Thank you for affording me the opportunity to review your budget proposal for the Chicago Public Schools (CPS). The purpose of this memorandum is to provide information regarding the implementation of a new district-wide budgeting system. As requested, I have assessed the current CPS centralized budgeting system and evaluated the desirability of implementing an equity-driven, student-based planning and budgeting policy, better known as the Weighted Student Formula (WSF). Based on the…

The U.S. Census Bureau attempted to employ a Field Data Collection Automation (FDCA) program to expedite the collection of information. The FDCA project is important to the Census Bureau for many reasons. The first reason is the reduction of costs associated with the collection of information. Going door to door with paper forms is costly. The actual forms that are used cost the government mass amounts of money to produce. These forms are then peddled door to door by people who are paid wages…

The operating budget provides financial information regarding anticipating revenue and anticipated expenses. These revenues and expenses reflect the anticipated revenue and expenses for the next year of the company’s operations and shows the companies working budget. It generally shows several different budgets as well. The operating budget is an estimation of all the income and expenses that are forecasted for the company that show as revenue. The operating budget is considered to be a…

Budget limitations are an issue that every department, regardless of size, must operate within. Larger departments by necessity have larger budgets but this does not always mean that they are more successful in completing their goals. The larger a budget the more patrol officers the department can put on the road. Each officer on the road must be paid their salary, trained properly, provided a vehicle capable of accomplishing their tasks, and provided the tools and equipment needed for their…