Limestone

Karnak In researching information about Karnak, a city complex in Egypt, I continued to ask myself what Karnak is, who built it and when , and why was it built. I would like to share my findings with you. What was Karnak? Karnak was a city with many temples built over 2000 years dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. And was also known as “The most selected place” by the ancient Egyptians. It was also the largest religious building complex covering about 200 acres which…

The Raton Basin In this paper the coal system of the Raton Baton basin will be analyzed and broken down into sections that include, structure and stratigraphy, coal quality, igneous intrusions, coal-bed methane, and the hydrocarbon production within the basin. The purpose of analyzing the Raton Basin is to understand coal diagenesis and the aspects of the basin that affect coal quality and production. Information for this paper has been gathered by several reports published by the United…

Thermal conductivity changes are most likely due to significant changes in lithology such as sand (~1.7 – 4.0 W/m/K) to clay (~1.0 – 1.5 W/m/K) or limestone (~1 – 3 W/m/K) (Robertson, 1988). Since these wells were drilled primarily through Triassic sediments, containing mudstone, shale, and sandstone intervals, changes in the thermal conductivity of the strata could explain the behavior of the temperature…

Carlos Museum in 2007 as a gift in honor of Dr. Gay Robins (Burell et al. 17). Although no excavation location is explicitly stated in the object’s catalogue entry, it is assumed that the country of origin of this gift is Egypt. The stela is made of limestone and measures 51.4 centimeters in height, 32.4 centimeters in width, and 7.3 centimeters in depth (Burell et al. 17). This stela is dated to the early Middle Kingdom between 1939-1760 BC (Burell et al. 17). This large time period encompasses…

As we ogle today’s beautiful art creations of the Egyptian’s, we must remember that most of their works of art were actually never meant to be seen; instead they were rather used to value a divine or deceased recipient. Most of the statues that were sculpted typically faced straight ahead, that was so they could face any ritual that was being performed in front of them, they also usually had recessed niches or other building concepts so that their frontality would be seen as natural. Egyptian…

Shale of the Appalachian Basin With various depositional environments and the understanding of sea level change, the Appalachian Basin formed by the collision of tectonic plates and sediment accumulation under the Earth’s surface. The Appalachian Mountains reveal subsidence belts, faulted marine sedimentary rocks and other geologic rocks in these tectonic settings. The Basin exists in the northeastern states of North America. This large rock formation exhibits collisional tectonics with modern…

Introduction: In this essay we are aiming to compare and contrast between two different sculptures, both sculptures nearly belong to the same era, but two different civilizations, one from the Egyptian ancient history and the other one is from the Neo-Sumerian Civilization, what is known as Iraq in modern days. The importance of this comparison is because these two civilizations were among the greatest civilizations in the ancient world, therefore we are very interested to analyze their art…

The Ishtar Gate was commissioned by great ruler of Babylon – King Nebuchadnezzar II (605 BC-562 BC). It is one of eight gates to the city of Babylon. This gate was 50 feet tall and 100 feet wide, made of cobalt blue glazed bricks. This was the main entrance into the inner city of Babylon that was located on the north side, and a symbol of Babylon splendor. It was also the beginning of the half mile long, bricked-paved corridor pathway called the Processional Way. This road lead to main Ziggurat…

"The Standard of Ur" and the "Last Judgment of Hu-Nefur" are two historical pieces of art from different cultures that use the narrative technique. Art is given the label "Narrative" when it visually conveys a story. "The Standard of Ur" is a Sumerian artifact that depicts importants roles of a ruler. The "Last Judgment of Hu-Nefur" is a Egyptian narrative of a scribe named Hu-Nefur being judged to get into heaven. Both of these pieces played an important role in understanding the Egyptian and…

It was carved about 25,000 years ago, being in either the Gravettian period, or the Upper Perigordian Culture of the Paleolithic period. This creation is about 11 cm tall and 4 cm wide. It was sculpted from yellowish limestone and was tinted red by the traces of ochre. Venus of Willendorf was found in Austria along the Danube River. Her great age and enlarged female parts have started its name of "Venus" of Willendorf. Being both female and nude, she was the perfect statuette…