Limbic system

6. What is the mechanisms of the acupuncture? In other words, what parts of CNS activated and/or deactivated? (2pts) 1) Acupuncture activates structures of descending anti-nociceptive pathway and 2) deactivates multiple limbic area subserving pain association. 7. What is the effects of opiates and opioids on nociceptor signal transmission? (2pts) Opiates 1) decrease the duration of the postsynaptic potential, probably by reducing 〖Ca〗^(2+) influx and thus decreasing the…

Rapid eye movement sleep is a unique phase of mammalian sleep characterized by random movement of the eyes, low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly. This phase is also known as paradoxical sleep and sometimes desynchronized sleep because of physiological similarities to waking states, including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves. Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems to originate in the brain stem and is…

1. The different types of respiration are cellular, internal, and external. In external respiration there is an exchange between air and blood in the lungs and internal has exchange between the blood and body tissues. Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction inside the mitochondria of cells in and cellular metabolism is converting energy in food to become ATP. 2. The olfactory mucosa is the lines of the roof in the nasal cavity. The respiratory mucosa is lining the rest of the nasal cavity…

the United States as a prescribed form of treatment (Butje, Repede, 2008). Essential oils act on the olfactory system; stimulating olfactory receptors in the nasal epithelium. Stimulation of the olfactory system is shown to immediately lower blood pressure, muscle tension, pupil size, brain activity and sleep (Barcan, 2014) The stimulation from there is then processed to the limbic system and hypothalamus. Once the olfactory bulb and cortex is stimulated, the release of serotonin,…

identification of a boundary-maintaining entity or process” (p.7). A number of systems were noted and intertwined within the movie. Within each system, a different side of the individual was portrayed. Systems theory “describes human behavior in terms of complex systems. It is premised on the idea that an effective system is based on individual needs, rewards, expectations, and attributes of the people living in the system. According to this theory, families, couples, and organization members…

A. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. What are the central and peripheral nervous systems? What structures are part of each? The central nervous system is made up of two parts, the brain, and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is made up of two parts as well, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. 2. What are Neurons? Describe the key parts of Neurons, including: Dendrites, Myelin, Axons, and Synapse. To keep it simple, a neuron is a nerve cell. Most neurons are very…

The cerebral cortex is defined by Kalat (2014) as being the most prominent part of the forebrain, consisting of multiple layers of cells that are located on the exterior of the cerebral hemisphere. These layers of cells consist of either white matter or gray matter, as well as the axons that transfer information with neurons, either through the corpus callosum or the anterior commissure, and connect both the right and left hemispheres of the brain (Kalat, 2013). The cerebral cortex contains six…

enhanced availability of information normally repressed by these systems (Vollenweider 1998). Changes in perception result from disconnected oscillatory activity of the thalamocortical circuits. This causes activity in the thalamocortical systems. The Activation of excitatory cortical neurons with serotonin 2A receptors alters the normal rhythmic oscillations of cortical neurons, resulting in a decoupling between cells, and a disorganization of cortical activity (Carhart-Harris et al., 2014a).…

Complex systems such as the cerebrum, hypothalamus, thalamus, and limbic system are found here. The cerebrum, latin for “brain”, is also referred to as the telencephalon. This is the largest part of the brain. It’s two hemispheres control everything from voluntary movements to cognitive and emotional…

body with a usual one axon and numerous dendrites as the shape for all motor neurons. On the other hand, interneurons (association neurons) is functional in its purpose to transmit impulses which are located exclusively within the central nervous system making up 99.8% of it. It is also responsible for memory, thinking, and decision-making in a typical multipolar shape. After all, these neurons are related in their categories as shapes…