Ligand

The solubility and availability of Si and Fe released from minerals Release of Si and Fe from different studied minerals by the K-humate ligand was tested in distilled water on the laboratory scale. Three separate flasks each of which contains a 0.5 g of K-humate salt dissolved in 50 mL distilled H2O (1% K-humate solution). Five grams of each mineral was were then added to this solution…

Proteins are complex molecules that serve a variety of functions within the body. Proteins are made up of subunits called amino acids. There are several different types of amino acids such as lysine, aspartic acid, and histidine. Each type of amino acids have their own specific group called R-groups attached to them, this causes them to behave chemically different. The group on the amino acid histidine cause the amino acid to be basic; this feature of histidine makes it have a specific purpose…

phagocytic cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils to uptake, eliminate pathogens and cellular debris from the body. Understanding phagocytosis depends on several steps involving interaction between phagocyte surface receptors with ligands on the surface of particles and cytoskeletal rearrangement (polymerization of actin) for the formation of an early endosome into a phagosome.…

Aptamers are an emerging class of detection molecules that rival antibodies in diagnostic and therapeutic application [21]. Aptamers are single strands of DNA (ssDNA), RNA, and sometimes peptides, which have a high binding affinity and high specificity for molecular targets [25], as well as large cellular targets. This makes their application in molecular targeting very desirable. Aptamers can bind to a wide variety of targets, ranging from surface proteins on cancer cells (tenascin-C) [7], to…

activates Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha necrosis and its phosphorylating activity activates leads to signaling cascades in other necrotic death receptors such as Fas or Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (TNFR1). TNFR1 is activated by the binding of a ligand, such as an initiator caspase, which leads to a conformational change of the receptor. RIP1 activates Nuclear Factor - kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB.) Caspase 8 can inhibit this pathway from occurring and leads to…

The only function ATP has in the CTFR is that it is used as a ligand to open up the gate. CTFR structurally looks like an ABC-type transporter, but it is an ion channel that doesn’t actually use ATP. When CTFR is working in its normal conditions, it is a wild type protein ion transporter. This is the healthy version…

Movements propagated by skeletal muscle both simple and complex also require interaction with nerve. The nerves and muscle work together to help us do out conscious task with ease. The purpose of this lab is to identify how changes in such variables will affect the properties of the muscle in a human flexor digitorium superficialis (FDS) and to extrapolate the nerve changes from a sciatic nerve of a frog. Neurons are excitable cells structural features such as dendrites, cell body and axon.…

Discussion In this study, the Catechol enzyme was studied under the conditions of varying pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration. In Figure 1, the data suggested that the trend was neither directly nor inversely proportional, but the highest activity rate was at 24°C. Most enzymes denatured at higher temperatures of approximately 40°C, which led to the inability to see any color change (Helms et al., 1998). At lower temperatures, the enzyme was somewhat efficient…

On basic note Presence Innate immunity is something already present in the body. Adaptive immunity is created in response to exposure to a foreign substance. Specificity Non-Specific Specific Response Fights any foreign invader and rapid Fight only specific infection and slow(1-2 wks) Potency Limited and Lower potency High potency Time span Once activated against a specific type of antigen, the immunity remains throughout the life. The span of developed immunity can be lifelong or short.…

When calcium channel is inhibited, the amount of calcium going into the terminal is reduced. Vesicles of neurotransmitters lacking calcium cannot release the contents. The decrease in released neurotransmitters leads to less receptors bound by the ligands. Thus, this reduces the number of excitatory postsynaptic potentials and there will not enough potentials to trigger action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. (Vallejo et al., 2011, page E344 - E345) b. Presynaptic inhibition by…