Lepidoptera

Introduction Pests and disease infestations have been recognized as one of the most challenging difficulties facing Iraqi agriculture and then affecting food security. The impact of this problem is entirely evident in plant protection resulting in the heavy usage of pesticides (Al-Hakeem, 2016). The extensive use of chemical pesticides for a long period has caused many side effects such as extreme health hazards for the human and the environment, the development of resistances toward various…

The potential for the inhibition of anti-apoptotic and RNAi pathways to enhance in vitro baculovirus biopesticide production Summary Baculoviruses are target specific virus infected a number of plant pests especially the lepidopterous pests. Baculovirus biopesticides have been used worldwide for decades. Although many have been done to enhance yields of baculovirus in vitro production, their large-scale production poses certain difficulties that limited the use. Apart from optimization of cell…

eight species are significantly correlated with temperature and seven species arriving earlier during warmer years. (Elizabeth R.E et.al) Scientists at Fargo, ND have studied 83 species of birds for their arrival time over ten years. The study concluded that the majority of arriving earlier than they did historically. The uniqueness of this study is that they measured FAD (First arrival dates) and AGDU (Accumulated growing degree units). The accumulated growing degree units for a time of arrival…

This book “Cryptic Female Choice in Arthropods” provides a comprehensive and up to date look into research from the last few decades on Cryptic Female Choice (CFC) in arthropods. This book is built around research from a variety of experts in the field who together build a book structured around key behavioural, ecological and evolutionary questions in regards to specific taxonomic groups of arthropods, such as, spiders, harvestmen, flies, moths, crickets, earwigs, beetles, eusocial insects…

Bio-pesticides are ecofriendly pesticides that are obtained by naturally occuring substances(biochemicals), plants and microbes. All the natural products are not biopesticides. Some are chemical pesticides if they acts on the nervous system in the pest. Through the use of biopesticides in the wider way, health programme and agriculture can be beneficially effected. There are many disadvantages that associated with the use of chemicals pesticides like genetic variations in the plant of…

decreases the reliance on commercial insecticides and reduces crop failure. Bt corn is engineered to produce an insecticide, as it contains genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. This gene enables the corn to express Cry proteins that kill lepidoptera larvae(invasive insects that eat crops). The Cry proteins are ingested and converted to toxins inside the insect. The toxins bind to receptors present in the gut of susceptible insects, this leads to gut-membrane pore formation, and…