Leonid Brezhnev

that time an illegal organisation, had been propagating an insurrection of previously subjugated knowledges via the distribution of unofficial posters, leaflets, and most interestingly, postage stamps. Prisoners, who carved imprints out of leather and smuggled them to the outside, produced some of these stamps. The stamps constructed and represented a different history of Poland and located Solidarity within that history, in opposition, as Evans put it, “to the official histories produced by the…

On May 9, 1982, Ronald Regan, the fortieth president of the United States, gave a commencement speech to the graduating class from Eureka College. Eureka College is where Ronald Regan went to college. This is interesting because previous presidents like John F. Kennedy, Barak Obama, or Bill Clinton all went to ivy league colleges like Harvard or Yale. It is very inspiring that Regan was able to accomplish so much without a degree from a prestigious university. This commencement speech very…

Like all presidents of the United States, Richard M. Nixon left behind a legacy. His diplomatic relations with China and the Soviet Union benefitted the United States in many ways. However, the Watergate scandal marred Nixon’s presidency and clouded over all the good that he had done for the country. If placed on a scale, Nixon’s successes would definitely outweigh his failures. Nixon’s actions concerning the United States’ foreign policy proved to be beneficial. During his administration,…

The decade of the 1960s and 1970 were not easy for America. America had faced some serious challenges during this period. Kennedy was the youngest person to be sworn as the President of the United States. He had very high expectation from the young Americans. He decided to introduce his New Frontier plan to fix the unemployment and inflation, and keeping the wage of the workers high. The movements, which happened from 1960-1980, challenged the American way. This era had witnessed the presidency…

In 1939, Hitler invaded Poland and Britain together with France declared war on him. This was the start of a war that would span over six years. There was a destruction of property gained during the rise after the First World War. “The products of industry-tanks, submarines, strategic bombing-had destroyed the structures of industry society-factories, ports, and railroads (Joshua Cole 643).” The Second World War is estimated to have claimed 45 -60 million lives. This war is said to the most…

Jews all over the globe throughout millennia have had challenges that would have caused many other groups to lose their group identity. In the Soviet Union the Jews first had to overcome state-sponsored atheism, then outright oppression and anti-Semitism. This was followed by suppression of religion. Lastly came restriction of movement, by refusing to let Jews emigrate during the Iron Curtain bringing the oppression of Jews a full circle as in the years leading up to the founding of the Soviet…

China that the Soviets would have no choice but to cooperate. In 1971, Nixon lowered restrictions on trade with China and in 1972 he became the first President to visit China. Nixon then visited the Soviet Union and met with Russian president Leonid Brezhnev in May 1972. The two signed the first Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty (SALT1), which placed limitations on the production and deployment of ballistic…

Thesis: Afghanistan’s cultural history dates back over two millennia and its strategic location in the Hindu Kush mountain range aided in the connection of the Middle East and Asia. Afghanistan has seen many military conflicts through the ages, notably by Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, Great Britain, Soviet Union, and the United States of America. This has led to an infusion of different ethnic groups, languages, and religions. 1. Geography of Afghanistan A. Land, Location, and Climate…

most of Joseph Stalin’s policies once elected into office; Will Brandt who tried to bring reconciliation to people living in East and West Berlin; Alexander Dubcek who lessened the censorship rules in order to make the country more humanized; Leonid Brezhnev who informed the East that they were not free and must abide…

Earl Browder, an American political activist, once said “What remains constant for me, during the last fifteen years, has been the conviction that the Cold War was a calamity for the entire world, and that it can be justified by no consideration of theory, nor by any supposed national interest.” This quote perfectly states how the Cold War was not only a tragedy for the United States and the Soviet Union, but also for the entire world. It also tells how the United States and the Soviet Union…