Leading indicators

Acid Base Balance Study Guide Definition: The body’s ability to regulate and compensate for variances of the acidity or alkalinity of body fluids through mechanisms in the brain, kidneys, lungs, and buffering system. Concept Key Terms: • Acid: any substance that has a pH less than 7.0 • Acidosis: the condition of having too much acid build up in body fluids, below 7.35 • Alkalosis: the condition of having too much alkaline build up in body fluids, above 7.45 • Anion: a negatively charge…

The purpose and objective of this experiment was to determine the percent by mass of acetic acid within a sample of vinegar using volumetric analysis with the titration technique. The theory is that if the volume and molar concentration of the standardized sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is known, then the percent by mass of the acetic acid (CH3COOH) in vinegar can be calculated after a titration.1 Within this experiment, a NaOH solution was standardized with a primary standard acid of…

Uranium and its decay products can be found in the environment through a wide array of anthropogenic activities such as mining, nuclear and power generation industries and the production of phosphate fertilizers .(Sprynskyy et al. 2011) They pose a severe, long term ecological and public health threat (Khani 2011, Landa 2003) and therefore there is a considerable effort in the removal of these pollutants before their final discharge in the environment, as well as their recovery as an energy…

PRE FORMULATION STUDY: Pre formulation testing was an investigation of physical and chemical properties of a drug substance alone and when combined with excipients. It was the first step in the rational development of dosage forms. Class: -Pre formulation study can divide into two subclasses: API characterization, Compatibility study Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) characterization:- Organoleptic evaluation:-These are preliminary characteristics of any substance which is useful in…

In this lab we wanted to identify what the four mystery liquids were using density and their characteristic properties. We were initially given four liquids that were labelled numbers 1- 4, some graduated cylinders, and a scale, but we also knew that the 4 liquids were ethanol, vegetable oil, water, and cyclohexane. Using the mass that we found when we measured the liquid and using only 10 mL of the liquids we were able to calculate the density and easily identify the liquids and see if they…

an acid or a base? There are different methods to discover whether a substance is an acid or a base. One of the methods is by using an acid-base indicator or by identifying hydrogen or hydroxide ions in a substance’s chemical formula. Certain materials such as a plastic template, red litmus paper, blue litmus paper, phenolphthalein, universal indicator, and a pH chart can be used to help us distinguish acids and bases. Before beginning this experiment, a lab coat and goggles should be put on…

Interpretation and Evaluation: Rinsing Process: When performing a volumetric analysis all equipment to be used must be washed with deionised water. This is done in order to remove anything that contaminate your solution and have an effect on the results. It is important that deionised water is used and not regular tap water, this is because tap water could itself contains many unwanted impurities such salts, other solids and bacteria. If these were to contaminate the solutions to be used it…

Malachite Green Assay: The reaction that AGPase catalyzes produces PPi. The resulting PPi that is produced is hydrolyzed by an inorganic pyrophosphatase (Sigma Aldrich) to generate phosphate (Pi). Each reaction for the assay was conducted on a 96 well plate and the reaction mixture was 50µL and contained Pre-Mix which contained 50mM HEPPS, pH=8.0 (MP Biomedicals), 10mM MgCl2, 1.5mM FBP (Sigma Aldrich), and 0.2mg/mL Bovine Serum Albumin (Sigma Aldrich), and 1.5mU/µL yeast inorganic…

were used to help understand the different behaviors of different concentrations. Household items were used to help apply basic theories about acids and bases such as pH. The titration curves were evaluated to help determine which indicator needed to be used for the indicator titration. Anions are ions that have more electrons than protons, therefore,…

The four methods used for quantification of alkalinity (4) are summarized below: •Use of a pH indicator: a change in the color from pure yellow to orange is observed and recorded when a known pH is reached. In this his experiment we used methyl orange as indicator The consumed volume until specific pH allow us to know how much volume is required to reach the endpoint. •Visual identification from titration curve; the data are recorded…