Lead-acid battery

non-covalent bonds [12]. The pyridine ring in their chemical structure LOR as shown in Fig. 1a allows the proton transfer with carboxylic acids to form a salt. Furthermore, N of the pyridine ring may also act as a hydrogen bond acceptor, allowing the formation of co-crystal when it binds to the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids. Fumaric acid (FUM) is a dicarboxylic acid that is safe to use orally, and it’s widely employed as an excipient in salt or co-crystal formation. FUM (Fig. 1b) can…

year (10 Thirst Quenching facts). However, it made me wonder, what ingredients were in Gatorade, and how healthy they are. Surprisingly, there are many ingredients that go into the drink. Ingredients that I did know were water, sugar, salt, and citric acid. There were also several mystery ingredients that I did not know, such as Dextrose, Sodium Citrate, Monopotassium Phosphate, and Gum Arabic. This led me to research, what were these ingredients are all about. The first Ingredient that was a…

used a solid-liquid extraction by adding 14 tea bags into a 1L beaker with 6g of sodium carbonate, 250 mL of tap water and bringing this to a boil for five minutes on a hot plate. Sodium carbonate is a weak bronsted base, that neutralizes tannic acids extracted from tea, that interfere with the later sublimation operation.(1) We turned the heat off after five minutes, added ice cubes to cool the mixture to room temperature, and carefully removed and properly discarded the tea bags. We then…

can we differentiate acids and bases? How do we know if a substance is an acid or a base? There are different methods to discover whether a substance is an acid or a base. One of the methods is by using an acid-base indicator or by identifying hydrogen or hydroxide ions in a substance’s chemical formula. Certain materials such as a plastic template, red litmus paper, blue litmus paper, phenolphthalein, universal indicator, and a pH chart can be used to help us distinguish acids and bases.…

2. Experimental 2.1. Materials and reagents Analytical grade bentazon was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and acetic acid were purchased from Merck and were analytical or HPLC grade. Methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as the cross-linker and α,α′-Azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were purchased from Merck (Hohenbrunn, Germany). MAA was distilled under vacuum to remove the inhibitor prior to polymerization.…

deionized water and the following chemicals: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydrogen phthalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate. When it comes to these chemicals, make sure to wear the general protective personal equipment and handle with caution because these chemicals can burn. (MSDS Solution Center) For week one, the students first had to prepare the sodium hydroxide and the hydrochloric acid. Both of these were done by taking a graduated cylinder and measuring 8.3 milliliters of the…

Benzimidazole and its derivatives were synthesized according to the reported literature (Wagner EC et al., 1943). The compounds are benzimidazole ;1-(4-((1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) methylamino) phenyl) ethanone; 2-butyl-1H-benzimidazole; 2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole. The stock solutions are prepared by dissolving the compound in DMSO. Antimicrobial activity was tested by the disc-diffusion method under standard conditions using Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) and the antibiotics used as listed below, Table…

Lead concentrations can be measured in various body tissues or by measuring the biomarkers of the toxic effects of lead. The concentration of lead in the body has been measured in blood, bone, nails, hair, teeth, urine, faces and saliva for screening and diagnostic purposes. In all samples, specimen collection, storage and processing must be meticulously performed to avoid contamination of the samples with lead in the surrounding environment. Teeth, nail and bone reflect long term exposure to…

An example on current therapy in anti-mycobacterial use, is the use of diarylquinolines, these compounds have been shown to have great activity against the bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The compound with greatest activity and therefore the lead compound is TMC207.…

Draw resonance structures showing all the positions at which the positive charge is delocalized on the aromatic ring in the phenonium ion. If a methoxy group (-OCH3) or a nitro group (–NO2) were substituted in the 4-position on the aromatic ring, how would the stability of the phenonium ion change? Compare methoxy substituted, nitro substituted and unsubstituted, and order them by increasing stability. Explain your answer thoroughly. 2) Benzopinacol and benzopinacolone have nearly…