Lead-acid battery

chemistry lab, the chemicals sodium chloride, in both chip and powdered form, and hydrochloric acid. Michael decides to mix the two substances by pouring the hydrochloric acid on the sodium hydroxide in both states chip and powder form. Michael does not have an aim or reason for doing this so his intentions are unknown. Michael gives a possible outcome or hypothesis that as soon as the hydrochloric acid is added the chips of sodium chloride would react instantaneously and quick because of its…

Amine synthesis is a three-step organic reaction that converts an alkyl halide to a primary amine. The advantage offered by Gabriel Amine synthesis is that it avoids poly-alkylation. Step 1: acid-base reaction. The acidic phthalimide molecule gets deprotonated by a strong base. The strength of an acid depends on the stability of the conjugate base. The negative charge on the conjugate base of phthalimide is delocalised over three highly electronegative oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The combined…

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, limiting equivalent conductance (Λ0), ion association, activation energy and thermodynamic functions. Introduction: The measurement of electrical conductivities of dilute solutions of salts or complexes is considered to be one of the important methods for studying the ion-pair or multiple- ion association not only in aqueous solutions but also in non-aqueous or mixed ones 1-4. Also, conductivity measurements were used to evaluate the hydration free energy of some…

is a method used to determine the mass or concentration of a substance by measuring a change in mass. To determine the concentration of the sulfate, the precipitation of Barium sulfate is done first by adding the sulfate solution with hydrochloric acid, then heating while stirring it. Next is the washing and filtration of the Barium Sulfate precipitate, using a vacuum pump and a crucible. Lastly, is the drying and weighing of the precipitate by heating the crucible in the oven and cooling it in…

hydrogens and sometimes the addition of oxygen. 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol will undergo an oxidation reaction to produce an unknown product (Scheme 1). (1) Scheme 1. 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol undergoes a reaction with sodium hypochlorite and glacial acetic acid to produce an unknown product. There are three possible outcomes when 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol undergoes the oxidation reaction (Scheme 2, Scheme 3, and Scheme 4). (2) Scheme 2. The first possible product when 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol undergoes…

Acid base balance is a part of homeostasis for maintaining the pH of the body. It is necessary for the functioning of enzymes and structural integrity of proteins. In case of an unacceptably large variation in the pH of the body, the enzymes lose their normal function, the proteins get denatured, and in extreme cases, death might result. The normal pH of human blood is 7.4, the acceptable range being 7.35-7.45. In the…

is that one test tube sat in an ice bucket and the other test tube sat in a beaker on a hot plate. For the pH optimum experiment, my partner Gabby and I choose to do two test tube of one having 1.4mL of the very basic, Boric acid, and the other having 1.4mL of the very acid, 5 NHCl. Both test tubes had 0.5 mL of the substrate and 0.1 mL of the enzyme. They both sat for twenty minutes in the water bath and checking every five…

measure the enthalpy change of acid-based chemical reactions; part 1 reacted NaOH with HCl and part 2 reacted KOH and HCl. In parts 2, 3, and 5, 2.0 M of KOH, HCl, and NaOH were each separately diluted with water, respectively. After collecting the data, the goal of the lab was to then calculate the enthalpy change by using linear regression models on Excel and the appropriate equations relating to enthalpy…

Starting out, there was a mixture of an unknown acid, base, and neutral component. Just like the process outlined in the introduction, a solvent would be added to the solution containing the acid, base, and neutral unknown mixture. This solvent must have specific characteristics regarding solubility such that it dissolves the substance desired to be extracted while not dissolving or dissolving in only small portions the other substance not wanted purified out. It should also be easy to separate…

5.3. Results of the 3rd experiment. (Co-digestion of kitchen waste with cow dung slurry). 5.3.1. Results for the physicochemical characteristics Sl. No Parameter Fresh cow dung slurry Fresh food waste slurry Fresh cow-dung + fresh food waste slurry Digested slurry 1 pH 6.4 6.0 6.2 7.0 2 Total solids (%) 8.5 9.1 8.8 6.16 3 Moisture Content (%) 92 90.5 91.25 94.33 4 Volatile Solids (%) 92.9 94.5 93.7 82.50 5 Percent carbon 2.27 3.03 2.65 0.27 6 Phosphate(mg/100g) 0.24 0.310 0.275 1.010…