Laws of thermodynamics

(H2O) - {3/2 Hfo (O2) + Hfo (CH3OH)} 45 46 BORN-HABER Cycle • It is an energy cycle • Lattice energies cannot be measured directly, but can be found by using the BORN-HABER cycle • Lattice energy can be obtained indirectly by applying Hess’s Law in Born-Haber cycle = (-393.5 kJ) + 2 (-241.8 kJ) - {0 + (-201.5 kJ)} Ho rxn = -675.6 kJ per mol of…

• To be a mechanical engineer one has to learn various system components, from computer programming to power systems, and cover technical subjects, such as fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and hydraulics. They also need to gain a basic understanding of civil, electrical, and chemical engineering. A solid foundation in study techniques and technological applications is needed to identify problems and then come up with effective ways…

99%, and -185.50.0013kJ/mol with a percent difference of 129.9%, respectively. Overall, the experiment showed that heats of combustions of substances can be determined via bomb calorimetry. Introduction The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved.1 Using that law it can be said that the change in the internal energy of a system () depends on the heat added (q) to the system and the work (w) done by the system.1 Equation 1 illustrates the relationship between the three…

counterparts, collisions with negative energy and matter result in nothing. Negative energy is the concept that there is a region of space that is able to “contain less than nothing … can be less than zero”(`Negative Energy'' Solutions: Hole Theory). The law of the conservation of energy states that energy can not be created nor destroyed, only altered and that the amount of energy before a reaction is equivalent to the amount of energy after a reaction. It is hypothesized that the Big Bang…

The Demon in Thomas Pynchon’s Crying of Lot 49 has the complex role of addressing the ideas of information, interpretation, and existence. The Demon is the functional aspect of the Nefastis machine which endlessly sorts molecules in the hopes of creating order and energy without the use of work. This process parallels Oedipa’s journey towards finding the Trystero, as she too faces the struggle of collecting information, and the problem of how to interpret the information she collects. Not only…

Introduction: Alcohols are used in everyday life and as a result they are of great interest to chemists, specifically in regards to energy output. Energy output is extremely important when it comes to classifying a compound’s uses. For example, a compound with an explosive energy output can be implemented as a fuel for cars or other vehicles. This is the very reason that accurate information about the heat and/or energy output of alcohols are in high demand in many industries. Fuels release…

Quantity of heat Q = mcθ absorbed or lost by a substance 4. What does specific heat 900 J of heat needs to be supplied to 1 kg of aluminium 900 J kgof aluminium to produce a 1 °C -1 1 °C mean? temperature increase. 5. What does specific heat 4 200 J of heat needs to be supplied to 1 of water 4 200 J kg-1°C-1 kg of water to produce a 1 °C temperature mean? increase. 6. The physical When two objects of equal mass are heated at meaning of equal rates, the object with the smaller specific specific…

Burn, Baby, Burn: Comparing the burning speed of scented and unscented candles This experiment was performed to compare how quickly a scented and an unscented candle will burn. The tests were done by comparing the length that the candles will burn in 30 minutes - using unscented, rose scented and apple scented candles. Hypothesis: Unscented candles burn more quickly than scented candles. Overview: Candles Candles are a convenient way of providing light and heat when no electricity is…

INTRODUCTION The trends in physical properties of organic compounds such as boiling points and melting points can be deducted from their structures, including size (molecular weight, surface area), shape and functional groups. These factors significantly influence the strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction present; and the nature and strength of intermolecular forces determine the variations in boilingpoints of organic compounds. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at…

Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to confirm the functional relationship of Boyle’s law through the use of a manometer. The two parts of this experiment will determine the number of moles of oxygen and the second part will determine the number of moles of nitrogen, that will lead to determine the value of R by measuring P, V, and T. Theory/Principles A physical law such as Boyle’s law states that P, the exerted fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature and V, the volume have a…