Laws of thermodynamics

THE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY OF WATER AND METAL INTRODUCTION. When the same amount of heat is transferred to two different objects, there is an increase in internal energy by the same amount but this does not necessarily cause a rise in temperature (Hudson, ND). The effect of heat transfer on temperature depends on the amount of heat energy transferred, the mass of the object and the specific heat capacity of the material of which the material involved is made (Hudson, ND).…

The Kinetic Molecular Theory explains why gases behave the way they do. It explains how gas particles are in constant motion and create collisions that results in pressure. The theory is split up into four different postulates. Number one explains how gases are made up of tiny particles. To prove that those particles take up space, postulate #2 tells us that the particles collide with each other and those collisions make pressure. Pressure can either expand or shrink a flexible container,…

Thermal energy strorage Thermal Energy Storage is the temporary storage of high or low temperature energy for later use, bridging the gap between requirement and energy use. The storage cycle might be daily, weekly or seasonal depending on the system design requirements, and whilst the output will always be thermal, the input may be thermal or electrical. Principle 1) Sensible Heat Storage Heating a liquid or solid, without changing the phase: This method is called sensible heat storage.…

Material selection The main purpose of outer material is to provide enough insulation. So minimum heat transfer coefficient is required for the outer material. Other selection criteria are: 1. Cost 2. Environment friendly 3. Availability Alternatives along with heat transfer coefficient are: • Wood : 0.19 w/m/k • Plastics: 0.29 w/m/k • Polystyrene foam: 0.04 w/m/k • Polyurethane foam: 0.03 w/m/k From the above alternative more suitable outer materials are Polystyrene foam and Polyurethane…

like storage modulus, loss modulus, tanδ which are helpful to predict the behavior of the material in varying forces and temperature. The stress applied as a function of time at a given frequency, ω, is given as σ(t)=σ_0 sin⁡〖(ωt+δ)〗 From Hook’s law, input stress and response…

Much has been made recently of the DIY foam roofing options that can be incorporated in your homes. Insulation is important to help keep away too much heat and cold outside temperatures inside the house. The great advantage to using foam roofing is the ease of installation. Since it is relatively easy to do, many can attempt do it on their own. This is one of the reasons why it has become popular. Insulation is necessary to protect the roof from weather getting into the cracks of the wood…

In a chemical equation, there are the reactants, which is the part that is changed, and the products, which is what is left over. The reactant side and the product side must have the same quantity of each element. If they do not, the equation must be balanced by using coefficients. Mole ratios can be found by using these coefficients. Mole ratios are conversion factors and can be used to found the amounts of the reactants and the products in a chemical reaction. These can also be used to find…

The purpose of this lab was to find the most efficient way to transfer heat from a chip to a water beaker. The heat transfer was coming from burning a baked lay and through our calorimeter heat energy was pushed out. Then we took it another step further by modifying our calorimeter to capture even more energy. The overall purpose was to capture as much energy as possible. “Energy is the ability to do work, or the ability to elicit change in matter.” (Castro) Energy can be defined in different…

The procedure of the experiment includes two parts: 1. Determination of the Freezing Point of Glacial Acetic Acid: to record the temperature of acetic acid every 30 seconds until it reach 300 seconds (5 minutes). 2. Determination of the Molar Mass of an Unknown Compound: to record the temperature of the mixture between unknown solid and glacial acetic acid. After that, put the ice-water mixture into the tube and record the temperature every 30 seconds. Pre lab questions: 1. Solute: dissolved…

ABSTRACT Within this experiment, the use of a bomb calorimeter was required in order to determine the heat capacity of the system through the combustion of three separate trials of benzoic acid. The resulting heat capacity values for each trial were averaged, with a standard deviation found as well. This was then used to work backwards, for a naphthalene trial, in order to calculate the change in energy (∆U) and the change of enthalpy (∆H). The accepted value for the change in enthalpy of…