Laws of thermodynamics

a simple, qualitatively accurate relation between pressure, temperature, and molar volume. P=RT/(V-b)-a/V^2 where a is “attraction” parameter, b is “repulsion” parameter, and R is universal gas constant. Comparing this equation with the ideal gas law,P= zRT/v, we see that the van der Waals equation offers two important improvements. The prediction of liquid behavior is more accurate because volume approaches a limiting value 'b' at high pressures i.e, lim┬(p=∞)⁡〖V(p)=〗 b…

the lowest possible temperate at which particles have minimal vibrational motion. By international agreement, the value of absolute zero is 0 Kelvin on the Kelvin scale or -273.15 degrees Celsius on the Celsius scale. Theory Gay-Lussac’s law Gay-Lussac’s law applies to fixed mass of gas held at a constant volume, which pressure divided by temperature is a constant value. The gas has initial pressure and final pressure of Pi and Pf respectively, and initial temperature and final temperature…

conservation of energy, conservation of mass and conservation of electrical charge to examine fluid distributions, heat transfers, mass transfers and electrochemical reactions. The assumptions used in developing the model are as follow: 1) Ideal gas law was employed for gaseous species. 2) The fluid flow in the fuel cell was laminar due to the low flow velocities and the small size of gas flow…

1.1 Power Flow Theory Power, as we know, consists of two components, active and reactive power. The total sum of active and reactive power is called as apparent power. 1.1.1 Active Power “Power is a measure of energy per unit time. Power therefore gives the rate of energy consumption or production. The units for power are generally watts (W). For example, the watt rating of an appliance gives the rate at which it uses energy. The total amount of energy consumed by this appliance is the wattage…

When the weather turns chilly, people look for extra layers to get warm. The layer approach is useful for providing extra warmth and make your life comfortable and easy in winter. There is a solution for getting warm if you do not need extra layers. The duvets can help you get warm with just one layer. The duvet is just one layer and it acts like a comforter. The duvets are designed to take the place of several layers. The warmth of the duvet depends upon the filling and construction of the…

5. Proposed Research Questions and Tasks Four proposed research tasks will direct to fabrication conditions (Task 1), fabrication thermal analysis (Task 2), fabricated parts performance (Task 3), microstructure control methodology (Task 4), respectively. These tasks are designed to answer the questions and solve the problems in the results of preliminary experiments and observations from reported investigations. 5.1. Task 1. Investigating feasible formation conditions and effects of laser power…

Set 2 A pressure vs. Volume analysis was done to determine the bubble points for Oil A, Oil B and water, with CO2 Oil A Represented in Fig. 7 below, the Pressure vs. Volume behavior of Oil A is displayed, the graph is separated into two different sections as Oil A transitions from a single phase fluid to a two phase fluid, the transition occurs at 800 psi which represents the bubble point for Oil A. Fig XX. Pressure vs. Volume Oil A Analysis was done on the relationship between…

gas exerts force on the walls of a container, this is known as its pressure. Pressure varies based on temperature and volume. Many gas laws were used within this experiment, such as the Ideal Gas Law, Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law, and Avogadro’s Law. The Ideal Gas Law is simply the combination of all the simple gas laws, Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, and Avogadro’s Law [which combines all of the properties of a gaseous sample].2 Boyle’s…

How Does Temperature (thermal kinetic energy) Affect the Phases of Matter? Observation Can matter be in anything that elements can mix to something different? Why does matter have to have more than 2 elements? What things do not have matter? Why does matter have to have more of, weight, volume or density? Why is there such things called matter? Why is the earth made of matter? How much does matter influence the earth and what it does to help? What is matter? How does…

The 'Wingate Cycle Ergometer Test' is an anaerobic test that is performed on a cycle ergometer. Eg. Monark. (Vandewalle et al. 1987). The aim of our test is to measure Peak Power Output(PPO), Relative Peak Power Output(RPP), Fatigue Index(FI) and Anaerobic Capacity(AC) throughout the Wingate Anaerobic Test. For both our participants we will compare our findings and provide an explanation for the similarities/differences we encounter between the two. Peak Power Output is the highest power output…