Laws of thermodynamics

Original Hypothesis: Prior to performing any measurements or calculations in the lab, it was originally hypothesized that the 10 mL volumetric pipette would be the most precise and most accurate instrument, while the 10mL graduated cylinder would be the least precise and least accurate instrument. Sample Calculation: For the 10 mL volumetric pipette, three weight of water measurements were taken by first weighing a beaker on the scale, measuring 10 mL of water with a volumetric pipette,…

7.59 From the stress–strain data for poly(methyl methacrylate) shown in Figure 7.24, determine the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength at room temperature [20°C (68°F)], and compare these values with those given in Tables 7.1 and 7.2. Solution From Figure 7.24, the elastic modulus is the slope in the elastic linear region of the 20C curve, which is The value range cited in Table 7.1 is 2.24 to 3.24 GPa (325,000 to 470,000 psi). Thus, the plotted value is a little on the…

Introduction: Solubility is the “ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent” . The effect of temperature on solubility is that when heat (energy) is added, it increases the speed on which molecules and particles move, therefore making it a quicker process. Where as with cooler temperatures there aren’t as many particles because the solvent doesn’t contain as much energy as warmer temperatures, therefore not dissolving as well as it could if it was warmer. To make jelly…

neglected, heat transfer and work may be represented by various areas on the T–s diagram. The heat transferred to the working fluid is represented by area a–2–2–3–b–a and the heat transferred from the working fluid by area a–1–4–b–a. From the first law we conclude that the area representing the work is the difference between these two areas—area 1–2–2–3–4–1. The thermal efficiency is defined by the relation For analyzing the Rankine cycle, it is helpful to think of efficiency as depending on…

Paragraph 1 Iron phosphate structure with a symbol of FePo4, has crystal structures of FeO4 and PO4 as its tetrahedral links. There would be changes of this quartz type that can be determined by the neutron poly difraction between 294K and 1073K, according to Z. Kristallogr. While structural parameters of the iron phosphate depends on the temperature, whereby iron phosphate would be a beta-phase from an alpha-phase when temperature increases from low to high. Irregularity would also be…

3.3 MUFFLER A muffler is a device for decreasing the amount of noise emitted by the exhaust of an internal combustion engine. Muffler ssignificantly attenuating noise output from the engine. Purpose of Muffler: Performance mufflers have three goals for perfect operation. To absorb and dissipate. To move exhaust gasses, To maintain power and performance of the engine while achieving the first two goals. About Exhaust Noise Sound is simply a vibration that spreads as a wave through air. This…

What is Styrofoam? Styrofoam is a brand of closed-cell extruded polystyrene foam currently created for thermal insulation and craft applications. Dow Chemical Company retained and produced the Styrofoam. Through petroleum product known as styrene, Styrofoam was created. The styrene is amended into a clear molten mass of polystyrene through a complex chemical process known as polymerization. It would become a hard plastic if it were left to cool. Disposable eating utensils are created from this…

Chotukool is a 45-liter plastic holder that can cool nourishment to around 8 to 10 degrees on a 12-volt battery. Forsaking the compressor innovation utilized as a part of local ice chests, it utilizes a thermoelectric or robust state cooling framework. It doesn't have a front opening entryway however opens from the top to guarantee that the greatest measure of cool air stays in the compartment when opened. The thought of Chotukool was conceptualized focused around the standards of Disruptive…

Question 1 When first looking at the title and subtitle for Ray Bradbury's book, Fahrenheit 451, as well as the illustration that is depicted on the cover of my hardcopy, I thought that this book would feature higher-than-normal temperatures, fires, and burning as story elements. The title reads like a fancy way of saying four-hundred-fifty-one degrees Fahrenheit, and when combined with the fiery subtitle, which details more specifically that this is “the degree at which paper catches fire and…

Water is an essential part of all living creature – human, Animals, plants etc. in olden days humans are depend on revers and ponds for fresh waters, but as industrialization goes on they are no more drinkable and fresh. So getting fresh water is a challenging job now a days in developing countries. As population is going on increasing, need for fresh water is keeps on increasing day by day. The available water on earth is limited to 79%, out of which only 2% water is directly available [1],…