Lateral geniculate nucleus

The Violinist Thumb is a book by Sam Kean that describes how DNA, and heredity function. The book is divided into four parts. Part one describes the basics of heredity. It goes into detail about base pairs, amino acids, RNA, and the such to give readers an overview of the system of heredity. One of my favorite stories from part one is the story of Tsutomu Yamaguchi, who survived both atomic explosions in Japan during World War II, and lived into his nineties. Part two discusses adaptations,…

This "Selectively Permeable" membrane regulates what passes into and out of the cell. 3. The cell membrane is a fluid mosaic of proteins floating in a phospholipid bilayer. 1.2.2 Cytoplasm: 1. Everything within the cell membrane which is not the nucleus is known as the cytoplasm. 2. Cytosol is the jelly-like mixture in which the other organelles are suspended, so cytosol + organelles = cytoplasm. 3. Organelles carry out specific functions within the cell. In Eukaryotic cells, most…

differences. One of the differences is that mitosis has one division whereas there are two divisions in meiosis. This is the reason meiosis is also known as a reduction division process. Thus, in meiosis germ cells are divided by two fissions of the nucleus which result in four gametes or sex cells. Each cell possesses half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. The process of meiosis occurs…

The smallest unit within a living thing is known as a cell. Organisms are also a living thing and cell is considered to be the basic block of organisms that builds them. There are many different types of cells in a living thing and are divided into two main categories (i) prokaryotic and eukaryotic. (Karp, 2010). Characteristics of living cell Cells are considered as the most fundamental unit that has the responsibility to carry functions within a living organism (De Robertis & De Robertis,…

Ancient Greek debated whether living organisms were composed of endlessly divisible fluid or indivisible subunits. However, this debate was settled and closed with the invention of the microscope which is the required material to understand and observe cells. Let us begin with the ABC’s of the Cell Theory which splits into 3 major parts: All living beings are made up of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms All cells come from preexisting cells. To have a deeper…

Introduction Nucleotide is a building block for deoxyribose nucleic acids which is called DNA that has four base units,adenin(A) ,thymine(T) ,guanine(G), cytosine(C). The nucleotides can bond with their base pairs(A=T,G=C) to form a linear strand that is supported by sugar-phosphate backbone. In the linear strand, some of three base sequence is a codon and each codon is related to an amino acid. These codons come together in a linear sequence and create a gene. Gene can be called as cipher that…

Introduction Epigenetics, “above-genetics” is concerned with the mechanism that underlies developmental processes and canalization that are neither necessarily transmitted nor brought about by changes in the DNA sequence in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. At the cellular level it focuses on the developmental process that leads to cell determination and cell differentiation (Jablonka & Raz, 2009). Narrowly defined, epigenetics refers to the scientific approach concerned with changes in the…

As the basic building blocks of all living things, cells are the smallest essential units of life. However, even though cells are competent self-sustaining units, their survival depends on receiving and processing information from the outside environment (whether that information applies to the stock of nutrients, temperature change, or variations in light levels). Cells have different functions; getting nutrients from food and turning them into energy, give structure to the body, carry out…

What exactly do you know about the mitochondria? Where did this organelle come from and what does it do? The Mitochondria is the main source of energy or powerhouse in a cell. They are eukaryotic organelles that contain their own ribosomes and DNA and are surrounded by a double membrane. The more active a cell is, the more mitochondria are created. Depending on the structure and the shape of a cell, how much the mitochondria is constantly working to keep the cell functioning. Through cellular…

INVESTING DIFFUSION THROUGH LIVING MEMBRANES Introduction Cells are living membranes. They are the basic unit of life. They are very unique in that they have the capability of carrying out a large number of chemical reactions in the body, ability to respond to stimuli, capable of producing more of themselves, they have a genetic program and the means to use it, they acquire energy and utilize it, all in the process of the functioning of the human body, The life of a cell is also dependent on…