Lateral geniculate nucleus

Metaphase I (MI) (Assembly of meiotic apparatus) During Metaphase I, Chromosomes move together along the metaphase plate. DNA replication, repair spindle function, and chromosome segregation are controlled by regulatory mechanisms of spindle assembly checkpoints (Elledge, 1996). The cellular spindle apparatus includes the spindle microtubules, associated proteins, and any centrosomes or asters present at the spindle poles. The dynamic lengthening and shortening of spindle microtubules (Mitchison…

Every living cell contains genetic information in the form of chromosomal DNA. Chromosomes can be circular in prokaryotic, or simpler single-celled organisms such as bacteria, but tend to be linear in more complex eukaryotic cells. The replicon, or the enzymatic complex that replicates DNA has limitations on its efficiency and capabilities. For example, eukaryotic DNA polymerase requires a short RNA primer to begin replication on the lagging strand, because of this replication cannot continue…

INTRODUCTION Biological ageing, or senescence, is a complex process characterised by progressive functional deterioration and cognitive decline (1). Accumulation of age related changes make individuals more prone to death and disease (2). Understanding these changes is important to understand the complexity of the human lifespan. The Hallmarks of Aging (3), is an article which describes nine factors that contribute to the ageing process. Aggravation or alleviation of these could contribute to…

lack of Nucleus in fact the name Prokaryote actually gives you a hint about its structure. “Pro” means before and “kary” means nucleus. The inside of Prokaryote cell is a single-celled organism and basically an open unit with no compartments. There is no membrane bound organelles. However, small structures called Ribosomes are scattered throughout Cytoplasm. The cell’s DNA is located in the region of Cytoplasm called the Nucleoid region. The Nucleoid region is not the same thing as Nucleus…

Every cell in the body has a nucleus. The nucleus is the largest organelle and is contained within a membrane. The nucleus contains the body’s genetic material, which directs the activities, like the brain of the cell. This is built from DNA and proteins called histones coiled together forming a fine network of threads called chromatin. When under the microscope the most prominent part of the cell is the nucleus. The most visible structure within the nucleus is the nucleolus, which is where…

Pathophysiology: Cells in the body go through a natural state of mitosis where they replicate copies of themselves. Once a cell realizes there isn’t any more room for growing or sees a defect in itself, the cell goes through apoptosis (cell death). However, there are instances where a cell doesn’t recognize it has a defect or mutation and it starts to affect the shape of the cell. Once this mutated cell starts mitosis, it will regenerate a lot of undifferentiated cells, which turn into a…

Mitochondrion are made of two membranes. The outer membrane covers the organelle and acts as a layer of skin, whereas the inner membrane constantly folds over and creates layered structures called Cristae (The constant folding increases the surface area of the organelle). And the fluid inside the organelle is called the matrix. The matrix carry the specific DNA and ribosomes for the mitochondria, because the organelle carries its own DNA. Site of aerobic respiration and provides energy (ATP) to…

Chromatin is a compacted form of chromosomal DNA, the basic unit of which is the nucleosome, consisting of 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a core histone octamer. To regulate the structure of chromatin, histones undergo a large number of post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, ADP ribosylation, beta-N-acetylglucosamine and deamination. These modifications can also recruit other remodeling proteins and complexes to reposition…

We are began as a single cell, but by the time that we are an adult, we have trillion of cells in our body. This happen because our cells are constantly dividing and when they divide they make new cells. A group of cells form a tissue, a tissue form the organ, an organ compound the system of organ and then the individual. We all have this question, why our cells are dividing constantly? Cells divide to replace old or damaged cells, and also living organism can grow and reproduce. There are two…

1. Why do you think the roots of plants are good for studying Mitosis? In my biased opinion, I believe that the roots are suitable for studying mitosis because plants always undergo mitosis. 2. Why does the root tip of the onion need to be stained? The root tips of the onion need to be stain because they provide more visibility when looking under a microscope. 3. How many phases are in the Cell Cycle? There are five stages of the cell cycle which would be Interface, Prophase, Metaphase,…